{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:04:45Z","timestamp":1791842685408,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T15:37:25Z","timestamp":1409240245000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["ROCK inhibition as a therapy for spinal muscular atrophy: understanding the repercussions on multiple cellular targets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Coque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00c3\u00a9dric","family":"Raoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00c3\u00a9lissa","family":"Bowerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(03)00096-8","article-title":"Astrocyte stellation induced by Rho kinase inhibitors in culture","volume":"143","author":"Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20130142","article-title":"The intriguing case of motor neuron disease: ALS and SMA come closer","volume":"41","author":"Achsel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds540","article-title":"Plastin 3 ameliorates spinal muscular atrophy via delayed axon pruning and improves neuromuscular junction functionality","volume":"22","author":"Ackermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/457675a","article-title":"Neuroscience: glia - more than just brain glue","volume":"457","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3072","article-title":"CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals","volume":"12","author":"Altarejos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66131","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066131","article-title":"A novel strategy to increase the proliferative potential of adult human beta-cells while maintaining their differentiated phenotype","volume":"8","author":"Aly","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20246","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.34.20246","article-title":"Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase)","volume":"271","author":"Amano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.01.030","article-title":"Lim kinase regulates the development of olfactory and neuromuscular synapses","volume":"293","author":"Ang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.6.666","article-title":"Angiotensin II activates RhoA in cardiac myocytes: a critical role of RhoA in angiotensin II-induced premyofibril formation","volume":"82","author":"Aoki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ. Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0743-9","article-title":"Neuropathological analysis in spinal muscular atrophy type II","volume":"106","author":"Araki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700163","article-title":"Reduced expression of nicotinic AChRs in myotubes from spinal muscular atrophy I patients","volume":"84","author":"Arnold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29562","article-title":"Trichostatin A increases SMN expression and survival in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Avila","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31804b1d66","article-title":"Medical considerations of long-term survival of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease","volume":"86","author":"Bach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.12.004","article-title":"Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects the heart against ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"61","author":"Bao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000773","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000773","article-title":"Alternative splicing events are a late feature of pathology in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"5","author":"Baumer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1171-5","article-title":"Mouse models of SMA: tools for disease characterization and therapeutic development","volume":"131","author":"Bebee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq300","article-title":"Early heart failure in the SMNDelta7 model of spinal muscular atrophy and correction by postnatal scAAV9-SMN delivery","volume":"19","author":"Bevan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7214","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.169342","article-title":"S100B protein stimulates microglia migration via RAGE-dependent up-regulation of chemokine expression and release","volume":"286","author":"Bianchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr067","article-title":"Increased IGF-1 in muscle modulates the phenotype of severe SMA mice","volume":"20","author":"Bosch-Marce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.05.009","article-title":"SMN, profilin IIa and plastin 3: a link between the deregulation of actin dynamics and SMA pathogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Bowerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq021","article-title":"Rho-kinase inactivation prolongs survival of an intermediate SMA mouse model","volume":"19","author":"Bowerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu052","article-title":"Defects in pancreatic development and glucose metabolism in SMN-depleted mice independent of canonical spinal muscular atrophy neuromuscular pathology","volume":"23","author":"Bowerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2011.09.007","article-title":"A critical smn threshold in mice dictates onset of an intermediate spinal muscular atrophy phenotype associated with a distinct neuromuscular junction pathology","volume":"22","author":"Bowerman","year":"2012a","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-24","article-title":"Fasudil improves survival and promotes skeletal muscle development in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"10","author":"Bowerman","year":"2012b","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-0024-5","article-title":"Smn depletion alters profilin II expression and leads to upregulation of the RhoA\/ROCK pathway and defects in neuronal integrity","volume":"32","author":"Bowerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23582","article-title":"Glucose metabolism and pancreatic defects in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"72","author":"Bowerman","year":"2012c","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.10.57","article-title":"The many faces of SMN: deciphering the function critical to spinal muscular atrophy pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Boyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Neurol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu142","article-title":"Myogenic program dysregulation is contributory to disease pathogenesis in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"23","author":"Boyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"issue":"356","key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00356","article-title":"More than a bystander: the contributions of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects in motor neuron diseases","volume":"4","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0601-5","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology","volume":"119","author":"Bradl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu189","article-title":"Survival motor neuron protein deficiency impairs myotube formation by altering myogenic gene expression and focal adhesion dynamics","volume":"23","author":"Bricceno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5029-z","article-title":"The Rho family of small GTPases: crucial regulators of skeletal myogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Bryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2670","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy: why do low levels of survival motor neuron protein make motor neurons sick?","volume":"10","author":"Burghes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92206-7","article-title":"SMN gene deletion in variant of infantile spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"346","author":"Burglen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2011.12.003","article-title":"SMN deficiency attenuates migration of U87MG astroglioma cells through the activation of RhoA","volume":"49","author":"Caraballo-Miralles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20110018","article-title":"Agrin triggers the clustering of raft-associated acetylcholine receptors through actin cytoskeleton reorganization","volume":"103","author":"Cartaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/ng854","article-title":"Disruption of an SF2\/ASF-dependent exonic splicing enhancer in SMN2 causes spinal muscular atrophy in the absence of SMN1","volume":"30","author":"Cartegni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.4.715","article-title":"The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN: a link between snRNP biogenesis and the Cajal (coiled) body","volume":"147","author":"Carvalho","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.5.1107","article-title":"Deletion of murine SMN exon 7 directed to skeletal muscle leads to severe muscular dystrophy","volume":"152","author":"Cifuentes-Diaz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1996.0010","article-title":"The neurobiology of childhood spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Crawford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<337::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Abnormal fatty acid metabolism in childhood spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Crawford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490450075011","article-title":"Lipid disturbances associated with spiral muscular atrophy. Clinical, electromyographic, histochemical, and lipid studies","volume":"32","author":"Dahl","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200304021","article-title":"RhoA\/ROCK regulation of neuritogenesis via profilin IIa-mediated control of actin stability","volume":"162","author":"Da Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06570.2002","article-title":"Rho signaling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair","volume":"22","author":"Dergham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01197","article-title":"Modulation of acto-myosin contractility in skeletal muscle myoblasts uncouples growth arrest from differentiation","volume":"117","author":"Dhawan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119438","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice lacking insulin receptors","volume":"99","author":"Di Cola","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7.4.339","article-title":"Cloning, characterization, and copy number of the murine survival motor neuron gene: homolog of the spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene","volume":"7","author":"DiDonato","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.21.3795","article-title":"Alternative splicing of the mouse profilin II gene generates functionally different profilin isoforms","volume":"113(Pt 21)","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:30:1:115","article-title":"The role of the cytoskeleton in neuromuscular junction formation","volume":"30","author":"Dobbins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.11.009","article-title":"S100B's double life: intracellular regulator and extracellular signal","volume":"1793","author":"Donato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1126\/science.298.5593.556","article-title":"New insights into neuron-glia communication","volume":"298","author":"Fields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10366","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces cell contraction via calcium-independent\/Rho-dependent pathways in undifferentiated skeletal muscle cells","volume":"198","author":"Formigli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7221-3-19","article-title":"Rho kinase inhibitors Y27632 and H1152 augment neurite extension in the presence of cultured Schwann cells","volume":"3","author":"Fuentes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Brachial Plex. Peripher. Nerve Inj"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31816533b7","article-title":"Long-term inhibition of Rho-kinase ameliorates diastolic heart failure in hypertensive rats","volume":"51","author":"Fukui","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.029470","article-title":"Acute vasodilator effects of a Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"91","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.06.011","article-title":"Role of Rho-kinase in regulation of insulin action and glucose homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Furukawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt234","article-title":"Increased rho-kinase activity in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"27","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-004-0825-3","article-title":"Neonatal spinal muscular atrophy with multiple contractures, bone fractures, respiratory insufficiency and 5q13 deletion","volume":"107","author":"Garcia-Cabezas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1983.tb00124.x","article-title":"Glial bundles in spinal nerve roots: a form of isomorphic gliosis at the junction of the central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Ghatak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37908","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.53.37908","article-title":"A role for polyproline motifs in the spinal muscular atrophy protein SMN. Profilins bind to and colocalize with smn in nuclear gems","volume":"274","author":"Giesemann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1256405","article-title":"The role of the Rho GTPases in neuronal development","volume":"19","author":"Govek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5350.509","article-title":"Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"279","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.11.002","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy: going beyond the motor neuron","volume":"19","author":"Hamilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1135","article-title":"Role of the Rho-ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) signaling pathway in the regulation of pancreatic beta-cell function","volume":"150","author":"Hammar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15887","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015887","article-title":"Mouse survival motor neuron alleles that mimic SMN2 splicing and are inducible rescue embryonic lethality early in development but not late","volume":"5","author":"Hammond","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/364501a0","article-title":"Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenin gene","volume":"364","author":"Hasty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127939.16111.58","article-title":"Long-term inhibition of Rho-kinase suppresses left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"109","author":"Hattori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp135","article-title":"Rho kinase-1 mediates cardiac fibrosis by regulating fibroblast precursor cell differentiation","volume":"83","author":"Haudek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(02)00103-1","article-title":"Oxidative stress and disturbed glutamate transport in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq330","article-title":"Arrhythmia and cardiac defects are a feature of spinal muscular atrophy model mice","volume":"19","author":"Heier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.027","article-title":"Bilateral crosstalk of rho- and extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK) pathways is confined to an unidirectional mode in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)","volume":"26","author":"Hensel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/71709","article-title":"A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Hsieh-Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.03.006","article-title":"The GLUT4 glucose transporter","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt612","article-title":"SMN-dependent intrinsic defects in Schwann cells in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"23","author":"Hunter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200908164","article-title":"Non-cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative disorders: ALS and beyond","volume":"187","author":"Ilieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1207","article-title":"A negative element in SMN2 exon 7 inhibits splicing in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"34","author":"Kashima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.07.069","article-title":"Kamolonol suppresses angiotensin II-induced stress fiber formation and cellular hypertrophy through inhibition of Rho-associated kinase 2 activity","volume":"438","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5272.245","article-title":"Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase)","volume":"273","author":"Kimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02249","article-title":"Loss of myogenin in postnatal life leads to normal skeletal muscle but reduced body size","volume":"133","author":"Knapp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B80","volume-title":"Science and Practice of Strength Training","author":"Kraemer","year":"2006"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00910.x","article-title":"An autopsy case of spinal muscular atrophy type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease)","volume":"29","author":"Kuru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812460096","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis in an adult patient with spinal muscular atrophy type II: further evidence of extraneural pathology due to survival motor neuron 1 mutation?","volume":"28","author":"Lamarca","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8209","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.21.8209-8219.2000","article-title":"Profilin II is alternatively spliced, resulting in profilin isoforms that are differentially expressed and have distinct biochemical properties","volume":"20","author":"Lambrechts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01259.x","article-title":"The Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil up-regulates astrocytic glutamate transport subsequent to actin remodelling in murine cultured astrocytes","volume":"163","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi078","article-title":"SMNDelta7, the major product of the centromeric survival motor neuron (SMN2) gene, extends survival in mice with spinal muscular atrophy and associates with full-length SMN","volume":"14","author":"Le","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90460-3","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene","volume":"80","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0797-265","article-title":"Correlation between severity and SMN protein level in spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.03.006","article-title":"Inhibition of Rho-kinase ameliorates myocardial remodeling and fibrosis in pressure overload and myocardial infarction: role of TGF-beta1-TAK1","volume":"211","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.03.009","article-title":"Acute inhibition of Rho-kinase improves cardiac contractile function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"75","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr453","article-title":"Severe neuromuscular denervation of clinically relevant muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"21","author":"Ling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15457","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015457","article-title":"Synaptic defects in the spinal and neuromuscular circuitry in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"5","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00725.x","article-title":"A novel nuclear structure containing the survival of motor neurons protein","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6307","article-title":"A single nucleotide in the SMN gene regulates splicing and is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"96","author":"Lorson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.09.012","article-title":"An SMN-Dependent U12 Splicing Event Essential for Motor Circuit Function","volume":"151","author":"Lotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80124-9","article-title":"Rho family GTP-binding proteins in growth cone signalling","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"reviews3007","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-5-reviews3007","article-title":"The ADF\/cofilin family: actin-remodeling proteins","volume":"3","author":"Maciver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5429.895","article-title":"Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase","volume":"285","author":"Maekawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22522","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy astrocytes exhibit abnormal calcium regulation and reduced growth factor production","volume":"61","author":"McGivern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32233","article-title":"Congenital heart defects in spinal muscular atrophy type I: a clinical report of two siblings and a review of the literature","volume":"146A","author":"Menke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.11.001","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms and functional roles of cofilin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation","volume":"25","author":"Mizuno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Signal"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03553.x","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy type I combined with atrial septal defect in three sibs","volume":"38","author":"Moller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Genet"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1159\/000181162","article-title":"In vivo dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by Rho kinase inhibition in the rat","volume":"95","author":"Momma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.3.333","article-title":"The human centromeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN2) rescues embryonic lethality in Smn(-\/-) mice and results in a mouse with spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"9","author":"Monani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.07.016","article-title":"The cajal body","volume":"1783","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.351","article-title":"Growth cone guidance: first steps towards a deeper understanding","volume":"22","author":"Mueller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(06)80015-5","article-title":"International SMA consortium meeting. (26-28 June 1992, Bonn, Germany)","volume":"2","author":"Munsat","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.08.019","article-title":"Defects in neuromuscular junction remodelling in the Smn(2B\/-) mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"49C","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm367","article-title":"Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre- and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"17","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.192","article-title":"Marked increase of insulin gene transcription by suppression of the Rho\/Rho-kinase pathway","volume":"350","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200210117","article-title":"Intact satellite cells lead to remarkable protection against Smn gene defect in differentiated skeletal muscle","volume":"161","author":"Nicole","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq226","article-title":"PTEN depletion rescues axonal growth defect and improves survival in SMN-deficient motor neurons","volume":"19","author":"Ning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4865","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr425","article-title":"The spinal muscular atrophy disease protein SMN is linked to the Rho-kinase pathway via profilin","volume":"20","author":"Nolle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36603-6","article-title":"Characterization of a novel cofilin isoform that is predominantly expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle","volume":"269","author":"Ono","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155085","article-title":"Plastin 3 is a protective modifier of autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"320","author":"Oprea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.005","article-title":"Inflammation in ALS and SMA: sorting out the good from the evil","volume":"37","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.15.6.409","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and gene frequency studies of chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"15","author":"Pearn","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90847-8","article-title":"Classification of spinal muscular atrophies","volume":"1","author":"Pearn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1970.00480240061009","article-title":"Familial adult-onset proximal spinal muscular atrophy. Report of a family with type II hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"22","author":"Quarfordt","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0290","article-title":"Physiology of the pancreatic alpha-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes","volume":"199","author":"Quesada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1998.4224","article-title":"Regulation of astrocyte morphology by RhoA and lysophosphatidic acid","volume":"245","author":"Ramakers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.03.011","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment of growth disorders, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Ranke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-005-1099-7","article-title":"Effects of the compact mutant myostatin allele Mstn (Cmpt-dl1Abc) introgressed into a high growth mouse line on skeletal muscle cellularity","volume":"26","author":"Rehfeldt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200304128","article-title":"Smn, the spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene product, modulates axon growth and localization of beta-actin mRNA in growth cones of motoneurons","volume":"163","author":"Rossoll","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.057950","article-title":"Congenital heart disease is a feature of severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Rudnik-Schoneborn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.389","article-title":"Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction","volume":"22","author":"Sanes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01229-2","article-title":"Pharmacological profile of hydroxy fasudil as a selective rho kinase inhibitor on ischemic brain damage","volume":"69","author":"Satoh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-29784-7_14","article-title":"Regulation and dysregulation of glutamate transporters","volume":"175","author":"Sattler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238.2013.786671","article-title":"Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) signaling and disease","volume":"48","author":"Schofield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9920","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9920","article-title":"Inactivation of the survival motor neuron gene, a candidate gene for human spinal muscular atrophy, leads to massive cell death in early mouse embryos","volume":"94","author":"Schrank","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20031","article-title":"Lesional RhoA+ cell numbers are suppressed by anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting treatment following subacute spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Schwab","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2012.01.005","article-title":"Partial restoration of cardio-vascular defects in a rescued severe model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"52","author":"Shababi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq329","article-title":"Cardiac defects contribute to the pathology of spinal muscular atrophy models","volume":"19","author":"Shababi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.08.019","article-title":"Hypomorphic Smn knockdown C2C12 myoblasts reveal intrinsic defects in myoblast fusion and myotube morphology","volume":"311","author":"Shafey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.05.014","article-title":"A role for complexes of survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein with gemins and profilin in neurite-like cytoplasmic extensions of cultured nerve cells","volume":"309","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe020054","article-title":"Hypertension, angiotensin II, and oxidative stress","volume":"346","author":"Sowers","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.7.2772-2781.2006","article-title":"Selective deletion of Pten in pancreatic beta cells leads to increased islet mass and resistance to STZ-induced diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Stiles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.7.1519","article-title":"Cofilin phosphorylation and actin cytoskeletal dynamics regulated by rho- and Cdc42-activated LIM-kinase 2","volume":"147","author":"Sumi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.04.004","article-title":"Trichostatin a improves insulin stimulated glucose utilization and insulin signaling transduction through the repression of HDAC2","volume":"76","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.11.51","article-title":"Rho kinase as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Surma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.3.1580","article-title":"The Rho family G proteins play a critical role in muscle differentiation","volume":"18","author":"Takano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000074","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in spinal cord central synapse loss in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"73","author":"Tarabal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(94)00100-G","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation abnormalities in childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy: primary or secondary defect(s)?","volume":"12","author":"Tein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-0627","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological regulation of cardiac myocyte contraction by cardiac-specific myosin light chain kinase","volume":"77","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. J"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22464","article-title":"Repulsive migration of Schwann cells induced by Slit-2 through Ca2+-dependent RhoA-myosin signaling","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9060-z","article-title":"Pathways involved in the transition from hypertension to hypertrophy to heart failure. treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11280","article-title":"Mutations in the profilin 1 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"488","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402795101","article-title":"Neurotrophins regulate Schwann cell migration by activating divergent signaling pathways dependent on Rho GTPases","volume":"101","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.03.031","article-title":"SMN deficiency causes tissue-specific perturbations in the repertoire of snRNAs and widespread defects in splicing","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T20:39:09Z","timestamp":1650055149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2014.00271\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"references-count":148,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2014.00271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]}}}