{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:50:22Z","timestamp":1789930222781,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T23:13:49Z","timestamp":1461798829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Skimming Digits: Neuromorphic Classification of Spike-Encoded Images"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gregory K.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrick","family":"Orchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sio-Hoi","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tapson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryad B.","family":"Benosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00703","article-title":"What can neuromorphic event-driven precise timing add to spike-based pattern recognition?","volume":"27","author":"Akolkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2313565","article-title":"Neurogrid: a mixed-analog-digital multichip system for large-scale neural simulations","volume":"102","author":"Benjamin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1109\/82.842110","article-title":"Point-to-point connectivity between neuromorphic chips using address events","volume":"47","author":"Boahen","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Analog Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Neural Engineering: Computation, Representation, and Dynamics in Neurobiological Systems","author":"Eliasmith","year":"2004"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769","article-title":"Kolmogorov-smirnov test for goodness of fit","volume":"46","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Test"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791","article-title":"Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition","volume":"86","author":"LeCun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2014.6913895","article-title":"Gait event detection through neuromorphic spike sequence learning","volume-title":"5th IEEE RAS\/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics","author":"Lee","year":"2014"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482916","article-title":"On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for normality with mean and variance unknown","volume":"62","author":"Lilliefors","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254642","article-title":"A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface","volume":"345","author":"Merolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"178","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00178","article-title":"Real-time classification and sensor fusion with a spiking deep belief network","volume":"7","author":"O'Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"437","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00437","article-title":"Converting static image datasets to spiking neuromorphic datasets using saccades","volume":"9","author":"Orchard","year":"2015a","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2392947","article-title":"HFirst: a temporal approach to object recognition","volume":"37","author":"Orchard","year":"2015b","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2259038","article-title":"SpiNNaker: a 1-W 18-core system-on-chip for massively-parallel neural network simulation","volume":"48","author":"Painkras","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circuits"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.71","article-title":"Mapping from frame-driven to frame-free event-driven vision systems by low-rate rate coding and coincidence processing - Application to feedforward convnets","volume":"35","author":"P\u00e9rez-Carrasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2085952","article-title":"A QVGA 143 dB dynamic range frame-free PWM image sensor with lossless pixel-level video compression and time-domain CDS","volume":"46","author":"Posch","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circuits"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2085952","article-title":"Retinomorphic event-based vision sensors: bioinspired cameras With spiking output","volume":"102","author":"Posch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"153","key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00153","article-title":"Synthesis of neural networks for spatio-temporal spike pattern recognition and processing","volume":"7","author":"Tapson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.01.074","article-title":"ELM solutions for event-based systems","volume":"149","author":"Tapson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.01.071","article-title":"Online and adaptive pseudoinverse solutions for ELM weights","volume":"149","author":"van Schaik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T07:57:53Z","timestamp":1498291073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fnins.2016.00184\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2016.00184","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]}}}