{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:58:18Z","timestamp":1791043098948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1549946978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["The Brain NGF Metabolic Pathway in Health and in Alzheimer\u2019s Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A. Claudio","family":"Cuello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Pentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13035","article-title":"A review of clinical treatment considerations of donepezil in severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"24","author":"Adlimoghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Therapeut."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.002","article-title":"Compromise of cortical proNGF maturation causes selective retrograde atrophy in cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons.","volume":"67","author":"Allard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1144-11.2012","article-title":"Impact of the NGF maturation and degradation pathway on the cortical cholinergic system phenotype.","volume":"32","author":"Allard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100602","article-title":"A unifying hypothesis for the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer disease.","volume":"10","author":"Appel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90235-1","article-title":"Developmental changes of nerve growth factor and its mRNA in the rat hippocampus: comparison with choline acetyltransferase.","volume":"120","author":"Auburger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(98)00072-8","article-title":"Cholinergic function in the hippocampus of juvenile rats chronically deprived of NGF.","volume":"109","author":"Avignone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051","article-title":"The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction.","volume":"217","author":"Bartus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb37600.x","article-title":"The cholinergic hypothesis: a historical overview, current perspective, and future directions.","volume":"444","author":"Bartus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3420301","article-title":"Activation of TrkA by nerve growth factor upregulates expression of the cholinergic gene locus but attenuates the response to ciliary neurotrophic growth factor.","volume":"342","author":"Berse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001190.pub3","article-title":"Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","author":"Birks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510645103","article-title":"Activity-dependent release of precursor nerve growth factor, conversion to mature nerve growth factor, and its degradation by a protease cascade.","volume":"103","author":"Bruno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181aed9e6","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-induced nerve growth factor dysmetabolism in Alzheimer disease.","volume":"68","author":"Bruno","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181c22569","article-title":"Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 activity in mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"68","author":"Bruno","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00696-N","article-title":"NGF-mediated synaptic sprouting in the cerebral cortex of lesioned primate brain.","volume":"692","author":"Burgos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1631","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10413","article-title":"Reduced regional cortical thickness rate of change in donepezil-treated subjects with suspected prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"77","author":"Cavedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09780-3","article-title":"Reduced basal forebrain atrophy progression in a randomized Donepezil trial in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Cavedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.06.004","article-title":"Midlife anticholinergic drug use, risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults.","volume":"3","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia: Transl. Res. Clin. Intervent."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.40.10.1014","article-title":"A nerve growth-stimulating factor isolated from sarcom as 37 and 180.","volume":"40","author":"Cohen","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.551","article-title":"Viktor hamburger and rita levi-montalcini: the path to the discovery of nerve growth factor.","volume":"24","author":"Cowan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6338589","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation.","volume":"219","author":"Coyle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90378-6","article-title":"Mice lacking nerve growth factor display perinatal loss of sensory and sympathetic neurons yet develop basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.","volume":"76","author":"Crowley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-06-02540.1993","article-title":"Detection of NGF-like activity in human brain tissue: increased levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"13","author":"Crutcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.6.2056","article-title":"Gangliosides potentiate in vivo and in vitro effects of nerve growth factor on central cholinergic neurons.","volume":"86","author":"Cuello","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02757946","article-title":"Trophic factor effects on cholinergic innervation in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain.","volume":"6","author":"Cuello","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90202-7","article-title":"Retrograde changes in the nucleus basalis of the rat, caused by cortical damage, are prevented by exogenous ganglioside GM1.","volume":"376","author":"Cuello","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62408-5","article-title":"Trophic responses of forebrain cholinergic neurons.","volume":"98","author":"Cuello","year":"1993","journal-title":"Progr. Brain Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(84)80161-7","article-title":"The anatomy of the CNS cholinergic neurons.","volume":"7","author":"Cuello","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4067","article-title":"A nerve growth factor mimetic TrkA antagonist causes withdrawal of cortical cholinergic boutons in the adult rat.","volume":"96","author":"Debeir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490320001001","article-title":"Human memory and the cholinergic system: a relationship to aging?","volume":"30","author":"Drachman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.10.003","article-title":"Donepezil decreases annual rate of hippocampal atrophy in suspected prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Dubois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000336051","article-title":"Encapsulated cell biodelivery of nerve growth factor to the basal forebrain in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"33","author":"Eriksdotter-J\u00f6nhagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dementia Geriatr. Cognit. Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0195-9","article-title":"Targeted delivery of nerve growth factor to the cholinergic basal forebrain of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: application of a second-generation encapsulated cell biodelivery device.","volume":"8","author":"Eyjolfsdottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7644","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-07644.1997","article-title":"A role for TrkA during maturation of striatal and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in vivo.","volume":"17","author":"Fagan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2001.1016","article-title":"The precursor pro-nerve growth factor is the predominant form of nerve growth factor in brain and is increased in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"18","author":"Fahnestock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(96)00193-3","article-title":"Nerve growth factor mRNA and protein levels measured in the same tissue from normal and Alzheimer\u2019s disease parietal cortex.","volume":"42","author":"Fahnestock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141068","article-title":"Brain changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with implanted encapsulated cells releasing nerve growth factor.","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)91510-J","article-title":"Differential expression of p140trk, p75NGFR and growth-associated phosphoprotein-43 genes in nucleus basalis magnocellularis, thalamus and adjacent cortex following neocortical infarction and nerve growth factor treatment.","volume":"68","author":"Figueiredo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(91)90167-B","article-title":"Loss of AChE-and NGFr-labeling precedes neuronal death of axotomized septal-diagonal band neurons: reversal by intraventricular NGF infusion.","volume":"113","author":"Fischer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/329065a0","article-title":"Amelioration of cholinergic neuron atrophy and spatial memory impairment in aged rats by nerve growth factor.","volume":"329","author":"Fischer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07507.x","article-title":"Cholinergic modulation of amyloid precursor protein processing with emphasis on M1 muscarinic receptor: perspectives and challenges in treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"120","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1024","article-title":"Nerve growth factor and the monosialoganglioside GM1: analogous and different in vivo effects on biochemical, morphological, and behavioral parameters of adult cortically lesioned rats.","volume":"125","author":"Garofalo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"527","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of nerve growth factor and\/or monosialoganglioside GM1 effects on cholinergic markers in the adult lesioned brain.","volume":"272","author":"Garofalo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.7.2639","article-title":"Nerve growth factor-induced synaptogenesis and hypertrophy of cortical cholinergic terminals.","volume":"89","author":"Garofalo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(83)90107-4","article-title":"NGF-mediated increase of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the neonatal rat forebrain: evidence for a physiological role of NGF in the brain?","volume":"9","author":"Gnahn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(86)90023-9","article-title":"Nerve growth factor mRNA in peripheral and central rat tissues and in the human central nervous system: lesion effects in the rat brain and levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"1","author":"Goedert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098616658399","article-title":"Anticholinergic medication use and dementia: latest evidence and clinical implications.","volume":"7","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1722","article-title":"Anticholinergic drugs and dementia in older adults.","volume":"361","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9909","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9909","article-title":"A signaling organelle containing the nerve growth factor-activated receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA.","volume":"94","author":"Grimes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7950","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-24-07950.1996","article-title":"Endocytosis of activated TrkA: evidence that nerve growth factor induces formation of signaling endosomes.","volume":"16","author":"Grimes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp232","article-title":"Reduction of basal forebrain cholinergic system parallels cognitive impairment in patients at high risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"20","author":"Grothe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(88)90013-1","article-title":"Delayed treatment with nerve growth factor reverses the apparent loss of cholinergic neurons after acute brain damage.","volume":"101","author":"Hagg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.11.009","article-title":"AF710B, an M1\/sigma-1 receptor agonist with long-lasting disease-modifying properties in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"14","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy132","article-title":"The cholinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"141","author":"Hampel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-08-02967.1988","article-title":"Development of septal cholinergic neurons in culture: plating density and glial cells modulate effects of NGF on survival, fiber growth, and expression of transmitter-specific enzymes.","volume":"8","author":"Hartikka","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200404000-00003","article-title":"Down syndrome and beta-amyloid deposition.","volume":"17","author":"Head","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"B56","author":"Hebb","year":"1949","journal-title":"The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130127","article-title":"Is Alzheimer disease caused by lack of nerve growth factor?","volume":"13","author":"Hefti","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-08-02155.1986","article-title":"Nerve growth factor promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transections.","volume":"6","author":"Hefti","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.6357","article-title":"Differential modulation of the cholinergic phenotype of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis neurons by applying NGF at the cell body or cortical terminal fields.","volume":"143","author":"Hu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.08.019","article-title":"Differential deregulation of NGF and BDNF neurotrophins in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"108","author":"Iulita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160321104916","article-title":"A link between nerve growth factor metabolic deregulation and amyloid-\u03b2-driven inflammation in down syndrome.","volume":"15","author":"Iulita","year":"","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.05.001","article-title":"An inflammatory and trophic disconnect biomarker profile revealed in Down syndrome plasma: relation to cognitive decline and longitudinal evaluation.","volume":"12","author":"Iulita","year":"","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666150921100030","article-title":"The NGF metabolic pathway in the CNS and its dysregulation in down syndrome and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"13","author":"Iulita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt372","article-title":"Nerve growth factor metabolic dysfunction in Down\u2019s syndrome brains.","volume":"137","author":"Iulita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0156-4","article-title":"Anticholinergic drug use and risk for dementia: target for dementia prevention.","volume":"260","author":"Jessen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000017069","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular infusion of nerve growth factor in three patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"9","author":"J\u00f6nhagen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dementia Geriatr. Cognit. Disord."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.11.008","article-title":"Changes in CSF cholinergic biomarkers in response to cell therapy with NGF in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Karami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.11.015","article-title":"Basal forebrain atrophy correlates with amyloid \u03b2 burden in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Kerbler","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(91)90066-L","article-title":"Recombinant human nerve growth factor prevents retrograde degeneration of axotomized basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the rat.","volume":"112","author":"Koliatsos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-12-03801.1990","article-title":"Mouse nerve growth factor prevents degeneration of axotomized basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the monkey.","volume":"10","author":"Koliatsos","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3798108","article-title":"Nerve growth factor treatment after brain injury prevents neuronal death.","volume":"235","author":"Kromer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-23-08984.1997","article-title":"Expression of neuroserpin, an inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator, in the developing and adult nervous system of the mouse.","volume":"17","author":"Krueger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3764415","article-title":"Nerve growth factor gene expression in the developing rat brain.","volume":"234","author":"Large","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-04-02888.1995","article-title":"Regulation of TrkA and ChAT expression in developing rat basal forebrain: evidence that both exogenous and endogenous NGF regulate differentiation of cholinergic neurons.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02908.x","article-title":"Regulation of cholinergic gene expression by nerve growth factor depends on the phosphatidylinositol-3\u2032-kinase pathway.","volume":"92","author":"Madziar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00783131","article-title":"Effects of nerve growth factor on the development of the dendritic system of cholinergic neurons in dissociated culture of the rat septum.","volume":"113","author":"Markova","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biull. Eksp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(93)90089-N","article-title":"Microencapsulation of genetically engineered fibroblasts secreting nerve growth factor.","volume":"23","author":"Maysinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(86)90020-3","article-title":"Nerve growth factor increases choline acetyltransferase activity in developing basal forebrain neurons.","volume":"1","author":"Mobley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03415.x","article-title":"The LIM homeobox gene, L3\/Lhx8, is necessary for proper development of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.","volume":"19","author":"Mori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(89)90124-6","article-title":"Loss of nerve growth factor receptor-containing neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a quantitative analysis across subregions of the basal forebrain.","volume":"105","author":"Mufson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B81","author":"Newmark","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nobel Prizes: Growth Factors Bring Rewards"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90046-X","article-title":"Persistence of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus in a brain with senile dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase.","volume":"289","author":"Pearson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.6.641","article-title":"Increased proNGF levels in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease.","volume":"63","author":"Peng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00215-0","article-title":"NGF-induction of the expression of ChAT mRNA in PC12 cells and primary cultures of embryonic rat basal forebrain.","volume":"62","author":"Pongrac","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.09.004","article-title":"A phase1 study of stereotactic gene delivery of AAV2-NGF for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"10","author":"Rafii","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0580","article-title":"Association between anticholinergic medication use and cognition, brain metabolism, and brain atrophy in cognitively normal older adults.","volume":"73","author":"Risacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.001","article-title":"Longitudinal Alzheimer\u2019s degeneration reflects the spatial topography of cholinergic basal forebrain projections.","volume":"24","author":"Schmitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13249","article-title":"Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer\u2019s pathology.","volume":"7","author":"Schmitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-09-06213.1995","article-title":"Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis.","volume":"15","author":"Scott","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)91338-6","article-title":"Specific retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) from neocortex to nucleus basalis in the rat.","volume":"300","author":"Seiler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.07.040","article-title":"Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission unmasks a\u00df-related cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Snyder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia J. Alzheimer\u2019s Assoc."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.009","article-title":"Microdosing of scopolamine as a \u201ccognitive stress test\u201d: rationale and test of a very low dose in an at-risk cohort of older adults.","volume":"10","author":"Snyder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90643-2","article-title":"Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus following kainic or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid application to the cerebral cortex in the rat.","volume":"339","author":"Sofroniew","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90045-8","article-title":"Retrograde changes in cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of the rat following cortical damage.","volume":"289","author":"Sofroniew","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1688664","article-title":"Survival of adult basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after loss of target neurons.","volume":"247","author":"Sofroniew","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05517.x","article-title":"Effect of unilateral decortication on choline acetyltransferase activity in the nucleus basalis and other areas of the rat brain.","volume":"45","author":"Stephens","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03076.x","article-title":"Nerve growth factor increases the intracellular content of acetylcholine in cultured septal neurons from developing rats.","volume":"51","author":"Takei","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00642","article-title":"Basal forebrain volume, but not hippocampal volume, is a predictor of global cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease treated with cholinesterase inhibitors.","volume":"9","author":"Teipel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.494385","article-title":"LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) is a key regulator of the cholinergic neuronal function via a tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)-mediated positive feedback loop.","volume":"289","author":"Tomioka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03604.1990","article-title":"Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration.","volume":"10","author":"Tuszynski","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1239","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease.","volume":"11","author":"Tuszynski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1807","article-title":"Nerve growth factor gene therapy: activation of neuronal responses in Alzheimer disease.","volume":"72","author":"Tuszynski","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90285-2","article-title":"Expression of neurotrophin and trk receptor genes in adult rats with fimbria transections: effect of intraventricular nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration.","volume":"59","author":"Venero","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12919","article-title":"Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: current scenario in Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapy.","volume":"70","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100203","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis.","volume":"10","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7058341","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain.","volume":"215","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9231","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.23.9231","article-title":"Continuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection.","volume":"83","author":"Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00062\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T19:07:08Z","timestamp":1662923228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00062\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2019.00062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"article-number":"62"}}