{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:23:44Z","timestamp":1781897024534,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T04:30:57Z","timestamp":1572409857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Pharmacological and Behavioral Effects of the Synthetic Cannabinoid AKB48 in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sabrine","family":"Bilel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Tirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Arf\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Stopponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Soverchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ciccocioppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Frisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Strano-Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Miliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"De-Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Serpelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Fantinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2017.07.011","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid induced acute respiratory depression: case series and literature review.","volume":"22","author":"Alon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00137","article-title":"Pharmacology of valinate and tert-leucinate synthetic cannabinoids 5F-AMBICA, 5F-AMB, 5F-ADB, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, and their analogues.","volume":"7","author":"Banister","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5b00112","article-title":"Pharmacology of indole and indazole synthetic cannabinoid designer drugs AB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, ADB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB-PINACA, ADBICA, and 5F-ADBICA.","volume":"6","author":"Banister","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5b00107","article-title":"Effects of bioisosteric fluorine in synthetic cannabinoid designer drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, APICA, and STS-135.","volume":"6","author":"Banister","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1941-4","article-title":"The CB receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 fails to elicit disruption of prepulse inhibition of the startle in Sprague-Dawley rats.","volume":"177","author":"Bortolato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.01.004","article-title":"Monohydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 retain intermediate to high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) affinity and exhibit neutral antagonist to partial agonist activity.","volume":"83","author":"Brents","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12057","article-title":"A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and young adults after use of synthetic cannabinoids.","volume":"19","author":"Brewer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/35040576","article-title":"Bidirectional control of airway responsiveness by endogenous cannabinoids.","volume":"408","author":"Calignano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4402-y","article-title":"Effect of the novel synthetic cannabinoids AKB48 and 5F-AKB48 on \u201ctetrad\u201d, sensorimotor, neurological and neurochemical responses in mice. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies.","volume":"233","author":"Canazza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2601","article-title":"Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel third-generation fluorinate synthetic cannabinoids, 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in mice. In vitro and in vivo studies.","volume":"32","author":"Canazza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.250530","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effects, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid am-2201 in male rats.","volume":"367","author":"Carlier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050518","article-title":"Involvement of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the establishment of place conditioning in rats.","volume":"135","author":"Chaperon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000481","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors and reward in the rat: a conditioned place preference study.","volume":"151","author":"Cheer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2566","article-title":"From concept(ion) to life after death\/the grave: the \u2018natural\u2019 history and life cycle(s) of novel psychoactive substances (NPS).","volume":"32","author":"Corkery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2412-3","article-title":"Endocannabinoid CB1 receptors modulate visual output from the thalamus.","volume":"219","author":"Dasilva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.08.041","article-title":"Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a Spice cannabinoid.","volume":"99","author":"De Luca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.11.017","article-title":"Native CB1 receptor affinity, intrinsic activity and accumbens shell dopamine stimulant properties of third generation SPICE\/K2 cannabinoids: BB-22, 5F-PB-22, 5F-AKB-48 and STS-135.","volume":"105","author":"De Luca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.08.002","article-title":"Therapeutic use of synthetic cannabinoids: still an openissue?","volume":"40","author":"De Luca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","article-title":"Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.","volume":"85","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00055","article-title":"Repeated exposure to the \u201cSpice\u201d cannabinoid JWH-018 induces tolerance and enhances responsiveness to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation in male rats.","volume":"9","author":"Elmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Drug Report 2018: Trends and Developments."},{"key":"B22","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Drug Report 2019: Trends and Developments."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03119.x","article-title":"Warning: legal synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists such as JWH-018 may precipitate psychosis in vulnerable individuals.","volume":"105","author":"Every-Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.012","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study.","volume":"117","author":"Every-Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2560","article-title":"1-cyclohexyl-x-methoxybenzene derivatives, novel psychoactive substances seized on the internet market. Synthesis and in vivo pharmacological studies in mice.","volume":"32","author":"Fantinati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1891-8","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of chronic and acute use of methiopropamine in a mouse model.","volume":"133","author":"Foti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9516-0","article-title":"First characterization of AKB-48 metabolism, a novel synthetic cannabinoid, using human hepatocytes and high-resolution mass spectrometry.","volume":"15","author":"Gandhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/fbp.0000000000000150","article-title":"Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market.","volume":"26","author":"Gatch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00216","article-title":"Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex.","volume":"8","author":"Gomez-Nieto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707531","article-title":"Cannabinoid CB2 receptors: a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.","volume":"153","author":"Guindon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1936","article-title":"Adverse effects after the use of JWH-210 - a case series from the EU Spice II plus project.","volume":"8","author":"Hermanns-Clausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-015-9788-7","article-title":"CYP3A4 mediates oxidative metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB-48.","volume":"17","author":"Holm","year":"2015","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/fbp.0000000000000034","article-title":"Delta9-THC exposure attenuates aversive effects and reveals appetitive effects of K2\/\u2019Spice\u2019 constituent JWH-018 in mice.","volume":"25","author":"Hyatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/120607","article-title":"A unique case of cardiac arrest following K2 abuse.","volume":"2014","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep. Cardiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.10.1301","article-title":"Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia.","volume":"148","author":"Javitt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.11.012","article-title":"Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other synthetic cannabinoids.","volume":"246","author":"Karinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105057516","article-title":"Chronic cannabis use is associated with attention-modulated reduction in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in healthy humans.","volume":"20","author":"Kedzior","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0475-3","article-title":"Monitoring extracellular dopamine in the rat nucleus accumbens shell and core during acquisition and maintenance of intravenous WIN 55,212-2 self-administration.","volume":"188","author":"Lecca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.07.009","article-title":"The effect of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sensorimotor gating in socially isolated rats.","volume":"166","author":"Malone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02247436","article-title":"Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A on the behavior of pigeons and rats.","volume":"124","author":"Mansbach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00847.x","article-title":"Expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in distinct neuronal subpopulations in the adult mouse forebrain.","volume":"11","author":"Marsicano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-018-0444-7","article-title":"MDMA alone affects sensorimotor and prepulse inhibition responses in mice and rats: tips in the debate on potential MDMA unsafety in human activity.","volume":"37","author":"Marti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1240-x","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands on psychosis-relevant behavior models in the rat.","volume":"165","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-016-0045-1","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction, associated with the use of a synthetic adamantyl-cannabinoid: a case report.","volume":"17","author":"McIlroy","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8070123","article-title":"Sales and advertising channels of new psychoactive substances (NPS): internet, social networks, and smartphone apps.","volume":"8","author":"Miliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00153","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of new psychoactive substances (NPS): focus on the rewarding and reinforcing properties of cannabimimetics and amphetamine-like stimulants.","volume":"10","author":"Miliano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1622","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3823","article-title":"Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid K2.","volume":"128","author":"Mir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.05.018","article-title":"Antipsychotics improve Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced impairment of the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in mice.","volume":"84","author":"Nagai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.01.037","article-title":"A snapshot on NPS in Italy: distribution of drugs in seized materials analysed in an Italian forensic laboratory in the period 2013-2015.","volume":"265","author":"Odoardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2466","article-title":"Profiling online recreational\/prescription drugs\u2019 customers and overview of drug vending virtual marketplaces.","volume":"30","author":"Orsolini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2573","article-title":"An insight into the deep web; why it matters for addiction psychiatry?","volume":"32","author":"Orsolini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.08.017","article-title":"Neurological, sensorimotor and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by methoxetamine, ketamine and phencyclidine in mice.","volume":"141","author":"Ossato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.01.007","article-title":"Effect of JWH-250, JWH-073 and their interaction on \u201ctetrad\u201d, sensorimotor, neurological and neurochemical responses in mice.","volume":"67","author":"Ossato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00130","article-title":"Psychostimulant effect of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and AKB48: behavioral, neurochemical, and dopamine transporter scan imaging studies in mice.","volume":"8","author":"Ossato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.021","article-title":"JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice.","volume":"300","author":"Ossato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B56","author":"Paxinos","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00303","article-title":"Cannabidiol, among Other cannabinoid drugs, modulates prepulse inhibition of startle in the SHR animal model: implications for schizophrenia pharmacotherapy.","volume":"7","author":"Peres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705874","article-title":"Central effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 on respiratory and cardiovascular regulation in anaesthetised rats.","volume":"142","author":"Pfitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.05.015","article-title":"Behavioural and dopaminergic alterations induced by a low dose of WIN 55,212-2 in a conditioned place preference procedure.","volume":"85","author":"Polissidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.033","article-title":"Multisensory integration in the mouse striatum.","volume":"83","author":"Reig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.029","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids found in \u201cspice\u201d products alter body temperature and cardiovascular parameters in conscious male rats.","volume":"179","author":"Schindler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-003-0787-3","article-title":"Analysis of the respiratory effects of cannabinoids in rats.","volume":"368","author":"Schmid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200202000-00003","article-title":"The cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 reduces sensorimotor gating and recognition memory in rats.","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017","article-title":"Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids.","volume":"39","author":"Seely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2013-0020","article-title":"Determination of motor activity and anxiety-related behaviour in rodents: methodological aspects and role of nitric oxide.","volume":"6","author":"Sestakova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.05.034","article-title":"Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity and addiction-related behavior.","volume":"61","author":"Sidhpura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4932","DOI":"10.1039\/c5an00797f","article-title":"An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs).","volume":"140","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.12.36968","article-title":"Retrospective chart review of synthetic cannabinoid intoxication with toxicologic analysis.","volume":"19","author":"Sud","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2015.120","article-title":"Assessment of the abuse liability of synthetic cannabinoid agonists JWH-030, JWH-175, and JWH-176.","volume":"23","author":"Tampus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2048","article-title":"Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common mu1 opioid receptor mechanism.","volume":"276","author":"Tanda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(97)00436-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system.","volume":"83","author":"Tsou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.03.026","article-title":"Coactivation of pre- and postsynaptic signaling mechanisms determines cell-specific spike-timing-dependent plasticity.","volume":"54","author":"Tzounopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x","article-title":"Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade.","volume":"12","author":"Tzschentke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-012-0136-7","article-title":"Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products.","volume":"30","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.08.047","article-title":"URB-754: a new class of designer drug and 12 synthetic cannabinoids detected in illegal products.","volume":"227","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050013","article-title":"A behavioural model to reveal place preference to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice.","volume":"147","author":"Valjent","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.02.008","article-title":"Novel halogenated derivates of JWH-018: behavioral and binding studies in mice.","volume":"95","author":"Vigolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv045","article-title":"Identification of AKB-48 and 5F-AKB-48 metabolites in authentic human urine samples using human liver microsomes and time of flight mass spectrometry.","volume":"39","author":"Vikingsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.10.009","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids and their effects on the cardiovascular system.","volume":"50","author":"Von Der Haar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1148-1","article-title":"Effects of acute systemic and intra-cerebral stimulation of cannabinoid receptors on sensorimotor gating, locomotion and spatial memory in rats.","volume":"198","author":"Wegener","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.827","article-title":"The pharmacologic and clinical effects of illicit synthetic cannabinoids.","volume":"57","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B82","first-page":"995","article-title":"Structure-activity relationships of indole- and pyrrole-derived cannabinoids.","volume":"285","author":"Wiley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.011","article-title":"Moving around the molecule: relationship between chemical structure and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoids.","volume":"97","author":"Wiley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.898771","article-title":"The european drug emergencies network (Euro-DEN).","volume":"52","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053082","article-title":"Developmental and visual input-dependent regulation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the mouse visual cortex.","volume":"8","author":"Yoneda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01163\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T04:30:59Z","timestamp":1572409859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01163\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2019.01163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"article-number":"1163"}}