{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:21:18Z","timestamp":1787026878853,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Somatosensory feedback from peripheral receptors dynamically interacts with networks located in the spinal cord and brain to control mammalian locomotion. Although somatosensory feedback from the limbs plays a major role in regulating locomotor output, those from other regions, such as lumbar and perineal areas also shape locomotor activity. In mammals with a complete spinal cord injury, inputs from the lumbar region powerfully inhibit hindlimb locomotion, while those from the perineal region facilitate it. Our recent work in cats with a complete spinal cord injury shows that they also have opposite effects on cutaneous reflexes from the foot. Lumbar inputs increase the gain of reflexes while those from the perineal region decrease it. The purpose of this review is to discuss how somatosensory feedback from the lumbar and perineal regions modulate the spinal locomotor central pattern generator and reflex circuits after spinal cord injury and the possible mechanisms involved. We also discuss how spinal cord injury can lead to a loss of functional specificity through the abnormal activation of functions by somatosensory feedback, such as the concurrent activation of locomotion and micturition. Lastly, we discuss the potential functions of somatosensory feedback from the lumbar and perineal regions and their potential for promoting motor recovery after spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.720542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T04:10:08Z","timestamp":1627445408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Inhibition and Facilitation of the Spinal Locomotor Central Pattern Generator and Reflex Circuits by Somatosensory Feedback From the Lumbar and Perineal Regions After Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ang\u00e8le N.","family":"Merlet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Harnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Frigon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235875","article-title":"The distal hindlimb musculature of the cat: cutaneous reflexes during locomotion.","volume":"58","author":"Abraham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.051","article-title":"The sensory neurons of touch.","volume":"79","author":"Abraira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00416.2015","article-title":"Inducing hindlimb locomotor recovery in adult rat after complete thoracic spinal cord section using repeated treadmill training with perineal stimulation only.","volume":"114","author":"Alluin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.07.003","article-title":"Expansion of nociceptive withdrawal reflex receptive fields in spinal cord injured humans.","volume":"115","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020309","article-title":"Primary afferent depolarization of cat pudendal afferents during micturition and segmental afferent stimulation.","volume":"479","author":"Angel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91442-9","article-title":"Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat.","volume":"412","author":"Barbeau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1914.sp000171","article-title":"The nervous mechanism of micturition.","volume":"8","author":"Barrington","year":"1914","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.1.471","article-title":"A comparison of treadmill locomotion in adult cats before and after spinal transection.","volume":"76","author":"Belanger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021731","article-title":"Gain of the triceps surae stretch reflex in decerebrate and spinal cats during postural and locomotor activities.","volume":"496","author":"Bennett","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1999.16.69","article-title":"Spasticity in rats with sacral spinal cord injury.","volume":"16","author":"Bennett","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.1955","article-title":"Plateau potentials in sacrocaudal motoneurons of chronic spinal rats, recorded in vitro.","volume":"86","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00946.2003","article-title":"Spastic long-lasting reflexes in the awake rat after sacral spinal cord injury.","volume":"91","author":"Bennett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101928","article-title":"Spasticity-assessment: a review.","volume":"44","author":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00644-7","article-title":"The pontine micturition center projects to sacral cord GABA immunoreactive neurons in the cat.","volume":"233","author":"Blok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00382-6","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the sacral dorsal gray commissure evokes relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in the cat.","volume":"249","author":"Blok","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1966.02090070064007","article-title":"Bacteriology of \u201cMidstream Catch\u201d, Urines: studies in newborn infants.","volume":"111","author":"Boehm","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC203","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-j0001.2002","article-title":"Spatiotemporal pattern of motoneuron activation in the rostral lumbar and the sacral segments during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse spinal cord.","volume":"22","author":"Bonnot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00061-5","article-title":"Sensori afferent conditioning with leg movement: gain control in spinal reflex and ascending paths.","volume":"51","author":"Brooke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3109\/08990229309028843","article-title":"Locomotor-like rotation of either hip or knee inhibits Soleus H reflexes in humans.","volume":"10","author":"Brooke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Somatosens. Mot. Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.593ae.x","article-title":"Excitability changes in sacral afferents innervating the urethra, perineum and hindlimb skin of the cat during micturition.","volume":"514","author":"Buss","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.041996","article-title":"Sacral dorsal horn neurone activity during micturition in the cat.","volume":"551","author":"Buss","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"131","article-title":"Changes in hip position modulate soleus H-reflex excitability in man.","volume":"31","author":"Chapman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00143","article-title":"The sacral networks and neural pathways used to elicit lumbar motor rhythm in the rodent spinal cord.","volume":"8","author":"Cherniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249807","article-title":"Proprioceptive input resets central locomotor rhythm in the spinal cat.","volume":"68","author":"Conway","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016652","article-title":"Reciprocal Ia inhibition between ankle flexors and extensors in man.","volume":"389","author":"Crone","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10031","article-title":"Conditional stimulatzion of the dorsal penile\/clitoral nerve may increase cystometric capacity in patients with spinal cord injury.","volume":"22","author":"Dalmose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901750174872","article-title":"Neural control of the urethra.","volume":"35","author":"de Groat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130056","article-title":"Neural control of the lower urinary tract","author":"de Groat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90454.2008","article-title":"Effects of localized intraspinal injections of a noradrenergic blocker on locomotion of high decerebrate cats.","volume":"100","author":"Delivet-Mongrain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.5.2100","article-title":"The motor output and behavior produced by rhythmogenic sacrocaudal networks in spinal cords of neonatal rats.","volume":"85","author":"Delvolv\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101030","article-title":"Spastic movement disorder.","volume":"38","author":"Dietz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn939","article-title":"Proprioception and locomotor disorders.","volume":"3","author":"Dietz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/90.2.333","article-title":"Studies of spasticity in man: 2, Analysis of stretch reflexes in spasticity.","volume":"90","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"1967","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1977.40.4.737","article-title":"Reflex control of locomotion as revealed by stimulation of cutaneous afferents in spontaneously walking premammillary cats.","volume":"40","author":"Duysens","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.1.83","article-title":"Load-regulating mechanisms in gait and posture: comparative aspects.","volume":"80","author":"Duysens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90903-Z","article-title":"Increased amplitude of cutaneous reflexes during human running as compared to standing.","volume":"613","author":"Duysens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(97)00042-8","article-title":"Neural control of locomotion; Part 1: the central pattern generator from cats to humans.","volume":"7","author":"Duysens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00017","article-title":"Priming neural circuits to modulate spinal reflex excitability.","volume":"8","author":"Estes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4390-12.2013","article-title":"Characterization of sacral interneurons that mediate activation of locomotor pattern generators by sacrocaudal afferent input.","volume":"33","author":"Etlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-10-06153.1994","article-title":"Reduction of perineal evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials in cat lumbar and sacral motoneurons during micturition.","volume":"14","author":"Fedirchuk","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-03090.1993","article-title":"Membrane potential changes in sphincter motoneurons during micturition in the decerebrate cat.","volume":"13","author":"Fedirchuk","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229876","article-title":"Spinal distribution of extracellular field potentials generated by electrical stimulation of pudendal and perineal afferents in the cat.","volume":"89","author":"Fedirchuk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(88)90187-6","article-title":"Clip-induced analgesia and immobility in the mouse: pharmacological characterization.","volume":"27","author":"Fleischmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90606-9","article-title":"The locomotion of the acute spinal cat injected with clonidine iv.","volume":"50","author":"Forssberg","year":"1973","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)91013-6","article-title":"Phase dependent reflex reversal during walking in chronic spinal cats.","volume":"85","author":"Forssberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410396101","article-title":"Central pattern generators of the mammalian spinal cord.","volume":"18","author":"Frigon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00978.2016","article-title":"The neural control of interlimb coordination during mammalian locomotion.","volume":"117","author":"Frigon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00572.2009","article-title":"Asymmetric changes in cutaneous reflexes after a partial spinal lesion and retention following spinalization during locomotion in the cat.","volume":"102","author":"Frigon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272740","article-title":"Left-right coordination from simple to extreme conditions during split-belt locomotion in the chronic spinal adult cat: left-right coordination during locomotion.","volume":"595","author":"Frigon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00504.2011","article-title":"Altered activation patterns by triceps surae stretch reflex pathways in acute and chronic spinal cord injury.","volume":"106","author":"Frigon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.222208","article-title":"Differential modulation of crossed and uncrossed reflex pathways by clonidine in adult cats following complete spinal cord injury: clonidine alters reflex pathways after spinalization.","volume":"590","author":"Frigon","year":"","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.152488","article-title":"Adaptive changes of the locomotor pattern and cutaneous reflexes during locomotion studied in the same cats before and after spinalization: changes in reflexes during locomotion after spinalization.","volume":"586","author":"Frigon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00490.2007","article-title":"Plasticity of reflexes from the foot during locomotion after denervating ankle extensors in intact cats.","volume":"98","author":"Frigon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)57016-5","article-title":"Functional plasticity following spinal cord lesions.","volume":"157","author":"Frigon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01028.2009","article-title":"Effects of ankle and hip muscle afferent inputs on rhythm generation during fictive locomotion.","volume":"103","author":"Frigon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.03.013","article-title":"Cutaneous inputs from the back abolish locomotor-like activity and reduce spastic-like activity in the adult cat following complete spinal cord injury.","volume":"235","author":"Frigon","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.5.2090","article-title":"Effects of conditioning cutaneomuscular stimulation on the soleus H-reflex in normal and spastic paretic subjects during walking and standing.","volume":"72","author":"Fung","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037227","article-title":"Animal hypnosis: factual status of a fictional concept.","volume":"81","author":"Gallup","year":"1974","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089999","article-title":"Serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline adjust actions of myelinated afferents via modulation of presynaptic inhibition in the mouse spinal cord.","volume":"9","author":"Garc\u00eda-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00609.2014","article-title":"Initiation and modulation of locomotor circuitry output with multisite transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in noninjured humans.","volume":"113","author":"Gerasimenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"2537","article-title":"Stepping behaviors in chronic spinal cats with one hindlimb deafferented.","volume":"7","author":"Giuliani","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"46","article-title":"[Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord: non-invasive tool for activation of locomotor circuitry in human].","volume":"38","author":"Gorodnichev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fiziol. Cheloveka"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228410","article-title":"Transmission in a locomotor-related group Ib pathway from hindlimb extensor muscles in the cat.","volume":"98","author":"Gossard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53825-3.00007-3","article-title":"The spinal generation of phases and cycle duration.","volume":"188","author":"Gossard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp010226","article-title":"Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish","author":"Grillner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Handbook of Physiology, Section 1, The Nervous System, Vol. 2, Motor Control"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2019","article-title":"Current principles of motor control, with special reference to vertebrate locomotion.","volume":"100","author":"Grillner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020871","article-title":"Ankle extensor group I afferents excite extensors throughout the hindlimb during fictive locomotion in the cat.","volume":"487","author":"Guertin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03239.x","article-title":"The actions of monoamines and distribution of noradrenergic and serotoninergic contacts on different subpopulations of commissural interneurons in the cat spinal cord.","volume":"19","author":"Hammar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00332.2003","article-title":"Modulatory effects of \u03b1 1-, \u03b1 2-, and \u03b2-receptor agonists on feline spinal interneurons with monosynaptic input from group i muscle afferents.","volume":"23","author":"Hammar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158160.11083.1b","article-title":"Treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured patients by conditional electrical stimulation.","volume":"173","author":"Hansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00812.2017","article-title":"The modulation of locomotor speed is maintained following partial denervation of ankle extensors in spinal cats.","volume":"120","author":"Harnie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50134","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50134","article-title":"The recovery of standing and locomotion after spinal cord injury does not require task-specific training.","volume":"8","author":"Harnie","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0816-20.2020","article-title":"The spinal control of backward locomotion.","volume":"41","author":"Harnie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.10.002","article-title":"Hyperexcitable dendrites in motoneurons and their neuromodulatory control during motor behavior.","volume":"26","author":"Heckman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.009","article-title":"Motoneuron excitability: the importance of neuromodulatory inputs.","volume":"120","author":"Heckman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614691","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2020.614691","article-title":"Improvements in bladder function following activity-based recovery training with epidural stimulation after chronic spinal cord injury.","volume":"14","author":"Herrity","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.8.1574","article-title":"From spinal shock to spasticity: neuronal adaptations to a spinal cord injury.","volume":"54","author":"Hiersemenzel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00018.2019","article-title":"Adaptation to slope in locomotor-trained spinal cats with intact and self-reinnervated lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.","volume":"123","author":"Higgin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.2741\/4043","article-title":"Enabling techniques for in vitro studies on mammalian spinal locomotor mechanisms.","volume":"17","author":"Hochman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90901-5","article-title":"Membrane electrical properties of external urethral and external anal sphincter somatic motoneurons in the decerebrate cat.","volume":"127","author":"Hochman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6588","article-title":"Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation induces temporary attenuation of spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injury.","volume":"37","author":"Hofstoetter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000149","article-title":"Modification of spasticity by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.","volume":"37","author":"Hofstoetter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20766","article-title":"Conditional and continuous electrical stimulation increase cystometric capacity in persons with spinal cord injury.","volume":"29","author":"Horvath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190998","article-title":"Improvements in bladder, bowel and sexual outcomes following task-specific locomotor training in human spinal cord injury.","volume":"13","author":"Hubscher","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960310010142","article-title":"Changes in neuronal properties and spinal reflexes during development of spasticity following spinal cord lesions and stroke: studies in animal models and patients.","volume":"35","author":"Hultborn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09039.x","article-title":"How do we approach the locomotor network in the mammalian spinal cord?","volume":"860","author":"Hultborn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10314","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1082-18.2018","article-title":"A spinal mechanism related to left\u2013right symmetry reduces cutaneous reflex modulation independently of speed during split-belt locomotion.","volume":"38","author":"Hurteau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3042-16.2017","article-title":"Nonlinear modulation of cutaneous reflexes with increasing speed of locomotion in spinal cats.","volume":"37","author":"Hurteau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3288-17.2018","article-title":"Intralimb and interlimb cutaneous reflexes during locomotion in the intact cat.","volume":"38","author":"Hurteau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00739.2014","article-title":"Effect of stimulating the lumbar skin caudal to a complete spinal cord injury on hindlimb locomotion.","volume":"113","author":"Hurteau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3049133","article-title":"Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation restores hand and arm function after spinal cord injury.","volume":"29","author":"Inanici","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(92)90024-9","article-title":"Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors.","volume":"38","author":"Jankowska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113015","article-title":"Neuronal activity and microglial activation support corticospinal tract and proprioceptive afferent sprouting in spinal circuits after a corticospinal system lesion.","volume":"321","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3441-15.2016","article-title":"Competition with primary sensory afferents drives remodeling of corticospinal axons in mature spinal motor circuits.","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7200635","article-title":"Flexor reflex control of the external sphincter of the urethra in paraplegia.","volume":"216","author":"Jolesz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.9","article-title":"Decoding the organization of spinal circuits that control locomotion.","volume":"17","author":"Kiehn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101177","article-title":"The acute effects of continuous and conditional neuromodulation on the bladder in spinal cord injury.","volume":"39","author":"Kirkham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01718-9","article-title":"Modulation of soleus H-reflex following ipsilateral mechanical loading of the sole of the foot in normal and complete spinal cord injured humans.","volume":"303","author":"Knikou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0978-4","article-title":"Effects of changes in hip joint angle on H-reflex excitability in humans.","volume":"143","author":"Knikou","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00285-7","article-title":"Hip angle induced modulation of H reflex amplitude, latency and duration in spinal cord injured humans.","volume":"113","author":"Knikou","year":"","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000411","article-title":"Absence of nerve specificity in human cutaneous reflexes during standing.","volume":"133","author":"Komiyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5987","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274518","article-title":"Lack of adaptation during prolonged split-belt locomotion in the intact and spinal cat: lack of adaptation during split-belt locomotion in the cat.","volume":"595","author":"Kuczynski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/73.1.1","article-title":"Functional capacity of the isolated human spinal cord.","volume":"73","author":"Kuhn","year":"1950","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1953.16.2.169","article-title":"Organization of tactile dermatomes in cat and monkey.","volume":"16","author":"Kuhn","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.3.1321","article-title":"Proprioceptive modulation of hip flexor activity during the swing phase of locomotion in decerebrate cats.","volume":"86","author":"Lam","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00909.2004","article-title":"Mid-lumbar segments are needed for the expression of locomotion in chronic spinal cats.","volume":"93","author":"Langlet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-36-11411.2003","article-title":"Treadmill locomotion in the intact and spinal mouse.","volume":"23","author":"Leblond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.231","article-title":"Spinal motoneuron excitability after acute spinal cord injury in humans.","volume":"47","author":"Leis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90011-3","article-title":"Inhibitory and facilitatory effects from the peroneal nerve onto the soleus H-reflex in normal and spinal man.","volume":"67","author":"Levin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(00)00400-7","article-title":"Pattern generation in non-limb moving segments of the mammalian spinal cord.","volume":"53","author":"Lev-Tov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.2.888","article-title":"Sacrocaudal afferents induce rhythmic efferent bursting in isolated spinal cords of neonatal rats.","volume":"83","author":"Lev-Tov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05424.x","article-title":"Sensory-induced activation of pattern generators in the absence of supraspinal control: sensory-evoked motor rhythmic patterns.","volume":"1198","author":"Lev-Tov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011742","article-title":"Cutaneous facilitation of transmission in reflex pathways from Ib afferents to motoneurones.","volume":"265","author":"Lundberg","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012918","article-title":"Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat.","volume":"294","author":"Mackel","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23321","article-title":"Identification of multisegmental nociceptive afferents that modulate locomotor circuits in the neonatal mouse spinal cord: long-range nociceptive collaterals.","volume":"521","author":"Mandadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08577.2000","article-title":"Initiating or blocking locomotion in spinal cats by applying noradrenergic drugs to restricted lumbar spinal segments.","volume":"20","author":"Marcoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091800104","article-title":"Innervation of feline perineal musculature.","volume":"180","author":"Martin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.08.006","article-title":"Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation.","volume":"57","author":"McCrea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020897","article-title":"Disynaptic group I excitation of synergist ankle extensor motoneurones during fictive locomotion in the cat.","volume":"487","author":"McCrea","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00747.2019","article-title":"Mechanically stimulating the lumbar region inhibits locomotor-like activity and increases the gain of cutaneous reflexes from the paws in spinal cats.","volume":"123","author":"Merlet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24791","article-title":"Cutaneous inputs from perineal region facilitate spinal locomotor activity and modulate cutaneous reflexes from the foot in spinal cats.","volume":"99","author":"Merlet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2160","article-title":"Recovery of motoneuron and locomotor function after spinal cord injury depends on constitutive activity in 5-HT2C receptors.","volume":"16","author":"Murray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B123","first-page":"917","article-title":"[Non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation facilitates locomotor activity in decerebrated and spinal cats].","volume":"99","author":"Musienko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ross. Fiziol. Zh. Im. I M Sechenova"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349945","article-title":"Spontaneous motor rhythms of the back and legs in a patient with a complete spinal cord transection.","volume":"24","author":"Nadeau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01652.x","article-title":"The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity? From a basic science point of view.","volume":"189","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91179.2008","article-title":"Locomotor-activated neurons of the cat. I. Serotonergic innervation and co-localization of 5-HT 7, 5-HT 2A, and 5-HT 1A receptors in the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord.","volume":"102","author":"Noga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00342.2010","article-title":"Locomotor-activated neurons of the cat. II. Noradrenergic innervation and colocalization with NE\u03b1 1a or NE\u03b1 2b receptors in the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord.","volume":"105","author":"Noga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00741.x","article-title":"Non-linear membrane properties of sacral sphincter motoneurones in the decerebrate cat.","volume":"523","author":"Paroschy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.014","article-title":"Role of sensory feedback in the control of stance duration in walking cats.","volume":"57","author":"Pearson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(92)90137-3","article-title":"The use of naloxone to facilitate the generation of the locomotor rhythm in spinal cats.","volume":"42","author":"Pearson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.6.1874","article-title":"Fictive motor patterns in chronic spinal cats.","volume":"66","author":"Pearson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020872","article-title":"Effects of stimulation of hindlimb flexor group II afferents during fictive locomotion in the cat.","volume":"487","author":"Perreault","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0821-6_12","article-title":"Analysis of the pattern of activity in \u201c\u2018knee flexor\u201d\u2019 motoneurons during locomotion in the cat","author":"Perret","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237500","article-title":"Cutaneous depression of Ib reflex pathways to motoneurones in man.","volume":"42","author":"Pierrot-Deseilligny","year":"1981","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.10.008","article-title":"Pinch-induced behavioral inhibition (\u2018clipnosis\u2019) in domestic cats.","volume":"10","author":"Pozza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100440","article-title":"Is there a place for pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients?","volume":"36","author":"Pr\u00e9vinaire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.17","article-title":"Short-term effect of pudendal nerve electrical stimulation on detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients: importance of current strength.","volume":"34","author":"Pr\u00e9vinaire","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2005","article-title":"Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion.","volume":"86","author":"Rossignol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113746","article-title":"Recovery of locomotion after spinal cord injury: some facts and mechanisms.","volume":"34","author":"Rossignol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.08.1237","article-title":"Electromyographic evaluation of the external urethral sphincter during cystometry in male cats.","volume":"51","author":"Sackman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018712","article-title":"Membrane properties of external urethral and external anal sphincter motoneurones in the cat.","volume":"440","author":"Sasaki","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90008-3","article-title":"Spinal sensorimotor systems and their supraspinal control.","volume":"7","author":"Schomburg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050522","article-title":"Flexor reflex afferents reset the step cycle during fictive locomotion in the cat.","volume":"122","author":"Schomburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230929","article-title":"Functional organization of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes: II. Changes of excitability and receptive fields after spinalization in the rat.","volume":"90","author":"Schouenborg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90285-1","article-title":"The effects of lumbosacral deafferentation on pontine micturition centre-evoked voiding in the decerebrate cat.","volume":"99","author":"Shefchyk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)37008-0","article-title":"Spinal cord neural organization controlling the urinary bladder and striated sphincter.","volume":"137","author":"Shefchyk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)52006-5","article-title":"Spinal mechanisms contributing to urethral striated sphincter control during continence and micturition: \u2018How good things might go bad.","volume":"152","author":"Shefchyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050345","article-title":"Evidence for a strychnine-sensitive mechanism and glycine receptors involved in the control of urethral sphincter activity during micturition in the cat.","volume":"119","author":"Shefchyk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B149","first-page":"659","article-title":"[Control of walking and running by means of electric stimulation of the midbrain].","volume":"11","author":"Shik","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biofizika"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010122)429:4<631::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-m","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for direct projections from the pontine micturition center to glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the sacral dorsal gray commissure in the cat.","volume":"429","author":"Sie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2.7.2450802","article-title":"Neural mechanisms generating locomotion studied in mammalian brain stem-spinal cord in vitro.","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.095505","article-title":"Parallel reflex pathways from flexor muscle afferents evoking resetting and flexion enhancement during fictive locomotion and scratch in the cat: parallel reflexes from flexor muscle afferents.","volume":"569","author":"Stecina","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00716.2002","article-title":"Neural pathways between sacrocaudal afferents and lumbar pattern generators in neonatal rats.","volume":"89","author":"Strauss","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.01.007","article-title":"Suppression of bladder reflex activity in chronic spinal cord injured cats by activation of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.","volume":"199","author":"Tai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F591","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00443.2007","article-title":"Inhibitory and excitatory perigenital-to-bladder spinal reflexes in the cat.","volume":"294","author":"Tai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.5.1947","article-title":"Bipedal reflex coordination to tactile stimulation of the sural nerve during human running.","volume":"73","author":"Tax","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51984-9","article-title":"Naloxone induced micturition in unanesthetized paraplegic cats.","volume":"129","author":"Thor","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00188-5","article-title":"Sensory and motor components of reproductive behavior: pathways and plasticity.","volume":"92","author":"Van der Horst","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9861(19970526)382:1<46::aid-cne4>3.0.co;2-k","article-title":"Organization of lumbosacral motoneuronal cell groups innervating hindlimb, pelvic floor, and axial muscles in the cat.","volume":"382","author":"Vanderhorst","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235747","article-title":"[Inhibition of spinal locomotor activity by a special method of somatic stimulation in rabbits].","volume":"21","author":"Viala","year":"1974","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238064","article-title":"Cutaneous fiber groups involved in the inhibition of fictive locomotion in the rabbit.","volume":"33","author":"Viala","year":"1978","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B162","first-page":"201","article-title":"Rhythmic discharges recorded from tail muscle nerves after injection of nialamide and L-DOPA solution in spinalized cats.","volume":"134","author":"Wada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"B163","first-page":"101","article-title":"Spinal cord location of the motoneurons innervating the tail muscles of the cat.","volume":"173","author":"Wada","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37145-8","article-title":"Bladder inhibition by penile nerve stimulation in spinal cord injury patients.","volume":"147","author":"Wheeler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.6.2821","article-title":"Properties of rhythmic activity generated by the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal mouse.","volume":"84","author":"Whelan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275532","article-title":"The negotiated equilibrium model of spinal cord function: the spinal cord: a negotiated equilibrium.","volume":"596","author":"Wolpaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20441","article-title":"Pudendal nerve stimulation evokes reflex bladder contractions in persons with chronic spinal cord injury.","volume":"26","author":"Yoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.3.1178","article-title":"Differential regulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during leg cycling in humans.","volume":"85","author":"Zehr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00081-1","article-title":"What functions do reflexes serve during human locomotion?","volume":"58","author":"Zehr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.720542\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T02:18:01Z","timestamp":1725502681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.720542\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":169,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2021.720542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.720542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"article-number":"720542"}}