{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:43:01Z","timestamp":1793734981766,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, dystonia, and essential tremor, and has shown clinical benefits in other brain disorders. A natural path for the improvement of this technique is to continuously observe the stimulation effects on patient symptoms and neurophysiological markers. This requires the evolution of conventional deep brain stimulators to bidirectional interfaces, able to record, process, store, and wirelessly communicate neural signals in a robust and reliable fashion. Here, we present the architecture, design, and first use of an implantable stimulation and sensing interface (AlphaDBS\n                    <jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>\n                    System) characterized by artifact-free recording and distributed data management protocols. Its application in three patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (clinical trial n. NCT04681534) is shown as a proof of functioning of a clinically viable implanted brain-computer interface (BCI) for adaptive DBS. Reliable artifact free-recordings, and chronic long-term data and neural signal management are in place.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.763235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1638866962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["A New Implantable Closed-Loop Clinical Neural Interface: First Application in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Arlotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Mandat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Maria","family":"Lanotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Borellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rampini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Eleopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus L. 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