{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:38:13Z","timestamp":1785559093646,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a fatal, hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes chorea, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. It is characterized by accumulation of mutant Htt protein, which primarily impacts striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), as well as cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs), causing synapse loss and eventually cell death. Perturbed Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis is believed to play a major role in HD, as altered Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis often precedes striatal dysfunction and manifestation of HD symptoms. In addition, dysregulation of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> can cause morphological and functional changes in MSNs and CPNs. Therefore, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> imaging techniques have the potential of visualizing changes in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dynamics and neuronal activity in HD animal models. This minireview focuses on studies using diverse Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> imaging techniques, including two-photon microscopy, fiber photometry, and miniscopes, in combination of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> indicators to monitor activity of neurons in HD models as the disease progresses. We then discuss the future applications of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> imaging to visualize disease mechanisms and alterations associated with HD, as well as studies showing how, as a proof-of-concept, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>imaging using miniscopes in freely-behaving animals can help elucidate the differential role of direct and indirect pathway MSNs in HD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1040113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T07:22:37Z","timestamp":1667460157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Calcium imaging: A versatile tool to examine Huntington\u2019s disease mechanisms and progression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Barry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00141","article-title":"Circuit investigations with open-source miniaturized microscopes: Past, present and future.","volume":"13","author":"Aharoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.05.008","article-title":"A wireless miniScope for deep brain imaging in freely moving mice.","volume":"323","author":"Barbera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.5","article-title":"Huntington disease.","volume":"1","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.01.001","article-title":"Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"15","author":"Bezprozvanny","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.035","article-title":"Deranged neuronal calcium signaling and Huntington disease.","volume":"322","author":"Bezprozvanny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2021.109251","article-title":"Eavesdropping wires: Recording activity in axons using genetically encoded calcium indicators.","volume":"360","author":"Broussard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43024-w","article-title":"Cortical circuit alterations precede motor impairments in Huntington\u2019s disease mice.","volume":"9","author":"Burgold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2021.118998","article-title":"In vivo brain imaging of mitochondrial Ca(2+) in neurodegenerative diseases with multiphoton microscopy.","volume":"1868","author":"Calvo-Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1244","article-title":"Nmda receptor function in mouse models of Huntington disease.","volume":"66","author":"Cepeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20090058","article-title":"Genetic mouse models of Huntington\u2019s disease: Focus on electrophysiological mechanisms.","volume":"2","author":"Cepeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.611735","article-title":"Dysregulation of neuronal calcium signaling via store-operated channels in Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"8","author":"Czeredys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1262-0_12","article-title":"Mt-fura-2, a ratiometric mitochondria-targeted Ca(2+) sensor. Determination of spectroscopic properties and Ca(2+) imaging assays.","volume":"2275","author":"De Nadai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12190","article-title":"Accurate spike estimation from noisy calcium signals for ultrafast three-dimensional imaging of large neuronal populations in vivo.","volume":"7","author":"Deneux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80122-X","article-title":"Imaging calcium dynamics in dendritic spines.","volume":"6","author":"Denk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz245","article-title":"Cortical network dynamics is altered in mouse models of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"30","author":"Donzis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7825-0_9","article-title":"Neurophysiological assessment of Huntington\u2019s disease model mice.","volume":"1780","author":"Donzis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13614","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3455-07.2007","article-title":"Mitochondrial sensitivity and altered calcium handling underlie enhanced Nmda-induced apoptosis in Yac128 model of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"27","author":"Fernandes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00794-4","article-title":"Deficits in coordinated neuronal activity and network topology are striatal hallmarks in Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"18","author":"Fernandez-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7825-0_19","article-title":"Assessing mitochondrial function in in vitro and ex vivo models of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"1780","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.38173","article-title":"CaImAn an open source tool for scalable calcium imaging data analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00307","article-title":"Probing deep brain circuitry: New advances in in vivo calcium measurement strategies.","volume":"8","author":"Girven","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214954","article-title":"Benchmarking miniaturized microscopy against two-photon calcium imaging using single-cell orientation tuning in mouse visual cortex.","volume":"14","author":"Glas","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0857-08.2008","article-title":"Full-length human mutant huntingtin with a stable polyglutamine repeat can elicit progressive and selective neuropathogenesis in BACHD mice.","volume":"28","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00147-1","article-title":"Two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity.","volume":"2","author":"Grienberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.017","article-title":"Natural neural projection dynamics underlying social behavior.","volume":"157","author":"Gunaydin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3693-15.2016","article-title":"Dysfunctional calcium and glutamate signaling in striatal astrocytes from Huntington\u2019s disease model mice.","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.28.000902","article-title":"Multiphoton endoscopy.","volume":"28","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3770","article-title":"Simultaneous fast measurement of circuit dynamics at multiple sites across the mammalian brain.","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.007","article-title":"Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics.","volume":"185","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51869","article-title":"Flat-floored air-lifted platform: A new method for combining behavior with microscopy or electrophysiology on awake freely moving rodents.","volume":"88","author":"Kislin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29168","article-title":"Early changes in striatal activity and motor kinematics in a Huntington\u2019s disease mouse model.","volume":"37","author":"Koch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-021-01665-2","article-title":"Two-photon endoscopy: State of the art and perspectives.","author":"Kucikas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.9.3.032202","article-title":"Building bridges: Simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging approaches for exploring the organization of brain networks.","volume":"9","author":"Lake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01152-z","article-title":"Fiber photometry in striatum reflects primarily nonsomatic changes in calcium.","volume":"25","author":"Legaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.3.447","article-title":"The use of the R6 transgenic mouse models of Huntington\u2019s disease in attempts to develop novel therapeutic strategies.","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-019-00379-4","article-title":"Long-term fiber photometry for neuroscience studies.","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5780","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M704704200","article-title":"Calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons of Huntington disease.","volume":"283","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.062","article-title":"Min1pipe: A miniscope 1-photon-based calcium imaging signal extraction pipeline.","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12817","article-title":"Cause or compensation?-Altered neuronal Ca(2+) handling in Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"24","author":"Mackay","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/60278","article-title":"Multi-fiber photometry to record neural activity in freely-moving animals.","author":"Martianova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.3.465","article-title":"Knock-in mouse models of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"2","author":"Menalled","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.04.012","article-title":"Spectrally resolved fiber photometry for multi-component analysis of brain circuits.","volume":"98","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40805","article-title":"High-throughput synapse-resolving two-photon fluorescence microendoscopy for deep-brain volumetric imaging in vivo.","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv227","article-title":"Gabaergic inhibition shapes interictal dynamics in awake epileptic mice.","volume":"138","author":"Muldoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00088.2016","article-title":"Air-Track: A real-world floating environment for active sensing in head-fixed mice.","volume":"116","author":"Nashaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00181.2021","article-title":"Calcium dysregulation and compensation in cortical pyramidal neurons of the R6\/2 mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"126","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00148","article-title":"Simultaneous electrophysiology and fiber photometry in freely behaving mice.","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(86)90026-6","article-title":"A model for receptor-regulated calcium entry.","volume":"7","author":"Putney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.058","article-title":"Striatal synaptic dysfunction and altered calcium regulation in Huntington disease.","volume":"483","author":"Raymond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg169","article-title":"Selective striatal neuronal loss in a Yac128 mouse model of Huntington disease.","volume":"12","author":"Slow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.05.019","article-title":"Principles of two-photon excitation microscopy and its applications to neuroscience.","volume":"50","author":"Svoboda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/385161a0","article-title":"In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons.","volume":"385","author":"Svoboda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0400-4","article-title":"High-density multi-fiber photometry for studying large-scale brain circuit dynamics.","volume":"16","author":"Sych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes.","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/s0962-8924(00)01853-5","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: The challenge for cell biologists.","volume":"10","author":"Tobin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199805000-00001","article-title":"Huntington disease.","volume":"57","author":"Vonsattel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2014_354","article-title":"The neuropathology of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"22","author":"Waldvogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8973","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2804-08.2008","article-title":"Altered information processing in the prefrontal cortex of Huntington\u2019s disease mouse models.","volume":"28","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"369","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.407726","article-title":"Dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium signaling and superoxide flashes cause mitochondrial genomic DNA damage in Huntington disease.","volume":"288","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173113","article-title":"A selected review of recent advances in the study of neuronal circuits using fiber photometry.","volume":"201","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01174","article-title":"Circuit mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases: A new frontier with miniature fluorescence microscopy.","volume":"13","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1038-15.2016","article-title":"Enhanced store-operated calcium entry leads to striatal synaptic loss in a Huntington\u2019s disease mouse model.","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00615-3","article-title":"Increased sensitivity to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"33","author":"Zeron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.56","article-title":"Miniscope grin lens system for calcium imaging of neuronal activity from deep brain structures in behaving animals.","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.04.001","article-title":"Miniature microscopes for large-scale imaging of neuronal activity in freely behaving rodents.","volume":"32","author":"Ziv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.017","article-title":"Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice.","volume":"185","author":"Zong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01024-z","article-title":"Miniature two-photon microscopy for enlarged field-of-view, multi-plane and long-term brain imaging.","volume":"18","author":"Zong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4305","article-title":"Fast high-resolution miniature two-photon microscopy for brain imaging in freely behaving mice.","volume":"14","author":"Zong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.1040113\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T07:23:06Z","timestamp":1667460186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.1040113\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2022.1040113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.1040113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"article-number":"1040113"}}