{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:49:49Z","timestamp":1782236989605,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies that compared retinal and choroidal microvasculature between MS and healthy controls (HC) with OCTA. MS patients were divided into 2 groups: MS with (MSON) or without optic neuritis (MSNON).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Totally, 13 studies including 996 MS eyes and 847 HC eyes were included. Compared with the HC, the vessel density of the whole superficial vascular complex (SVC) was reduced by 2.27% and 4.30% in the MSNON and MSON groups, respectively. The peripapillary vessel density was 2.28% lower and 4.96% lower in the MSNON and MSON groups, respectively, than in the HC. Furthermore, the MSON group had significant lower vessel density of the SVC (mean difference [MD] = \u22122.17%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and lower peripapillary vessel density (MD = \u22122.02%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) than the MSNON group. No significant difference was found in the deep vascular complex or choriocapillaris densities among MSNON, MSON or HC groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Meta-regression analyses suggested that illness duration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of MS patients were possible sources of heterogeneity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The retinal SVC and peripapillary vessel density decreased significantly in MS eyes, especially in eyes with optic neuritis. Retinal microvasculature is a potential biomarker of disease progression in MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1121899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1673587499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microvascular impairments detected by optical coherence tomography angiography in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211028831","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates subclinical retinal disease in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"28","author":"Aly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. 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