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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A loss of the excitation\/inhibition (E\/I) balance in the neural circuit has emerged as a common neuropathological feature in many neurodevelopmental disorders. Rett syndrome (RTT), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1:10,000\u201315,000 women globally, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the <jats:italic>Methyl-CpG-binding Protein-2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Mecp2<\/jats:italic>) gene. E\/I imbalance is recognized as the leading cellular and synaptic hallmark that is fundamental to diverse RTT neurological symptoms, including stereotypic hand movements, impaired motor coordination, breathing irregularities, seizures, and learning\/memory dysfunctions. E\/I balance in RTT is not homogeneously altered but demonstrates brain region and cell type specificity instead. In this review, I elaborate on the current understanding of the loss of E\/I balance in a range of brain areas at molecular and cellular levels. I further describe how the underlying cellular mechanisms contribute to the disturbance of the proper E\/I ratio. Last, I discuss current pharmacologic innervations for RTT and their role in modifying the E\/I balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.825063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T05:31:21Z","timestamp":1645162281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Excitation and Inhibition Imbalance in Rett Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012104107","article-title":"Correction of respiratory disorders in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.","volume":"107","author":"Abdala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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