{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:23:52Z","timestamp":1789133032863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused several outbreaks of highly contagious respiratory diseases worldwide. The respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have been closely monitored and studied, while the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral system (PNS) lesions induced by COVID-19 have not received much attention. Currently, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy present with dizziness, headache, anxiety and depression, stroke, epileptic seizures, the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and demyelinating disease. The exact pathologic basis for these neurological symptoms is currently not known. Rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome leads to the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), which have higher infectivity and virulence. Therefore, this narrative review will focus on the imaging assessment of COVID-19 and its VOC. There has been an increase in technologies, such as [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG-PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that have been used to observe changes in brain microstructure over time in patients with COVID-19 recovery. Medical imaging and pathological approaches aimed at exploring the associations between COVID-19 and its VOC, with cranial nerve and abnormal nerve discharge will shed light on the rehabilitation process of brain microstructural changes related to SARS-CoV-2, and aid future research in our understanding of the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19 encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.855868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T05:48:41Z","timestamp":1650606521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Brain Imaging Changes in Patients Recovered From COVID-19: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Manyande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duozhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boqi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914211057635","article-title":"Covid-19-induced dysautonomia: a menace of sympathetic storm.","volume":"13","author":"Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acab075","article-title":"Monthlong intubated patient with life-threatening COVID-19 and cerebral microbleeds suffers only mild cognitive sequelae at 8-month follow-up: a case report.","volume":"37","author":"Backman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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