{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1790948682993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010570","name":"Nieders\u00e4chsisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The need for diagnostic capabilities for sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and insomnia far exceeds the capacity of inpatient sleep laboratories. Some home monitoring systems omit electroencephalography (EEG) because trained personnel may be needed to apply EEG sensors. Since EEG is essential for the detailed evaluation of sleep, better systems supporting the convenient and robust recording of sleep EEG at home are desirable. Recent advances in EEG acquisition with flex-printed sensors promise easier application of EEG sensor arrays for chronic recordings, yet these sensor arrays were not designed for sleep EEG. Here we explored the self-applicability of a new sleep EEG sensor array (trEEGrid) without prior training. We developed a prototype with pre-gelled neonatal ECG electrodes placed on a self-adhesive grid shape that guided the fast and correct positioning of a total of nine electrodes on the face and around the ear. Positioning of the sensors was based on the results of a previous ear-EEG sleep study (\n                    <jats:xref>da Silva Souto et al., 2021<\/jats:xref>\n                    ), and included electrodes around the ear, one eye, and the chin. For comparison, EEG and electrooculogram channels placed according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria, as well as respiratory inductance plethysmography on thorax and abdomen, oxygen saturation, pulse and body position were included with a mobile polysomnography (PSG) system. Two studies with 32 individuals were conducted to compare the signal quality of the proposed flex-printed grid with PSG signals and to explore self-application of the new grid at home. Results indicate that the new array is self-applicable by healthy participants without on-site hands-on support. A comparison of the hypnogram annotations obtained from the data of both systems revealed an overall substantial agreement on a group level (Cohen\u2019s \u03ba = 0.70 \u00b1 0.01). These results suggest that flex-printed pre-gelled sensor arrays designed for sleep EEG acquisition can facilitate self-recording at home.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.883966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T04:06:53Z","timestamp":1656043613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pre-gelled Electrode Grid for Self-Applied EEG Sleep Monitoring at Home"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"da Silva Souto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"P\u00e4tzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Debener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Insa","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa097","article-title":"The Dreem headband as an alternative to polysomnography for EEG signal acquisition and sleep staging.","author":"Arnal","year":"2019","journal-title":"bioRxiv [Preprint]."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00060","article-title":"Sleep: an open-source python software for visualization, analysis, and staging of sleep data.","volume":"11","author":"Combrisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688122","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.688122","article-title":"Flex-Printed ear-EEG sensors for adequate sleep staging at home.","volume":"3","author":"da Silva Souto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Digit. Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00700.x","article-title":"Interrater reliability for sleep scoring according to the Rechtschaffen & Kales and the new AASM standard.","volume":"18","author":"Danker-Hopfe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16743","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16743","article-title":"Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear.","volume":"5","author":"Debener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. 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Health Inform."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8857114","article-title":"Discrimination of sleep spindles in Ear-EEG","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803279","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803279","article-title":"Self-Adhesive and ultra-conformable, sub-300 nm dry thin-film electrodes for surface monitoring of biopotentials.","volume":"28","author":"Nawrocki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.002","article-title":"Poor sleep predicts symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression.","volume":"172","author":"Paunio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2020.3022615","article-title":"Flexible, air dryable, and fiber modified aerogel-based wet electrode for electrophysiological monitoring.","volume":"68","author":"Saadatnia","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"026024","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aafa05","article-title":"Home monitoring of sleep with a temporary-tattoo EEG, EOG and EMG electrode array: a feasibility study.","volume":"16","author":"Shustak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.72.1.146","article-title":"Averaging correlation coefficients: should Fisher\u2019s z transformation be used?","volume":"72","author":"Silver","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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