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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pitch, as a sensation of the sound frequency, is a crucial attribute toward constructing a natural voice for communication. Producing intelligible sounds with normal pitches depend on substantive interdependencies among facial and neck muscles. Clarifying the interrelations between the pitches and the corresponding muscular activities would be helpful for evaluating the pitch-related phonating functions, which would play a significant role both in training pronunciation and in assessing dysphonia. In this study, the speech signals and the high-density surface electromyography (HD sEMG) signals were synchronously acquired when phonating [a:], [i:], and [\u04d9:] vowels with increasing pitches, respectively. The HD sEMG energy maps were constructed based on the root mean square values to visualize spatiotemporal characteristics of facial and neck muscle activities. Normalized median frequency (nMF) and root-mean square (nRMS) were correspondingly extracted from the speech and sEMG recordings to quantitatively investigate the correlations between sound frequencies and myoelectric characteristics. The results showed that the frame-wise energy maps built from sEMG recordings presented that the muscle contraction strength increased monotonously across pitch-rising, with left-right symmetrical distribution for the face\/neck. Furthermore, the nRMS increased at a similar rate to the nMF when there were rising pitches, and the two parameters had a significant correlation across different vowel tasks [(a:) (0.88 \u00b1 0.04), (i:) (0.89 \u00b1 0.04), and (\u04d9:) (0.87 \u00b1 0.05)]. These findings suggested the possibility of utilizing muscle contraction patterns as a reference for evaluating pitch-related phonation functions. The proposed method could open a new window for developing a clinical approach for assessing the muscular functions of dysphonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.941594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T12:06:26Z","timestamp":1658491586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Towards Evaluating Pitch-Related Phonation Function in Speech Communication Using High-Density Surface Electromyography"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanjie","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoshi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-011-0041-5","article-title":"Glottal inverse filtering analysis of human voice production \u2014 a review of estimation and parameterization methods of the glottal excitation and their applications","volume":"36","author":"Alku","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2014.03.010","article-title":"Normalization patterns of the surface electromyographic signal in the phonation evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Balata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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