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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mutations in the <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> gene, which encodes a deubiquitinating isopeptidase called STAM-binding protein, are related to global developmental delay, microcephaly, and capillary malformation. Owing to the limited number of reported cases, the functional and phenotypic characteristics of <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> variants require further elucidation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole exome sequencing was performed on a patient presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> [c.843_844del (p.C282Wfs*11) and c.920G &amp;gt; A (p.G307E)] were identified and validated using Sanger sequencing. A 3D human cortical organoid model was used to investigate the function of <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> and the pathogenicity of the novel mutation (c.920G &amp;gt; A, p.G307E).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient was presented with global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, microcephaly, epilepsy, and dysmorphic facial features but without apparent capillary malformation on the skin and organs. Cortical organoids with <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> knockout (KO) showed significantly lower proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), leading to smaller organoids that are characteristic of microcephaly. Furthermore, <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> disruption did not affect apoptosis in early cortical organoids. After re-expressing wild-type STAMBP, STAMBP<jats:sup><jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>307<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, and STAMBP<jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>313<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> (a known pathogenic mutation) within <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> KO organoids, only STAMBP<jats:sup><jats:italic>WT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> rescued the impaired proliferation of <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> deficient organoids, but not STAMBP<jats:sup><jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>307<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> and STAMBP<jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>313<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that the clinical phenotype of <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> mutations is highly variable, and patients with different <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> mutations show differences in the severity of symptoms. The <jats:italic>STAMBP<\/jats:italic> missense mutation identified here is a novel pathogenic mutation that impairs the proliferation of NSCs in human brain development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.963813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T06:48:13Z","timestamp":1660114093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Novel compound heterozygous mutation in STAMBP causes a neurodevelopmental disorder by disrupting cortical proliferation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meixin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248","article-title":"A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations.","volume":"7","author":"Adzhubei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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