{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:19:55Z","timestamp":1779891595895,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare if the kinetic pupillary changes differs between high myopia (HM) and low\/moderate myopia by Pentacam.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparative study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 44 eyes of 44 patients were recruited in the Refractive Surgery Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Eyes were divided into two groups according to the refractive error: low\/moderate myopia (22 eyes; \u22122.99 \u00b1 1.09 D) and HM (22 eyes, \u221212.93 \u00b1 3.44 D). At the beginning of the experiment, we made trials of scanning one false pupil by Pentacam. All patients underwent the Pentacam examination three times. Pupillary diameters (PD) during the scan process and other parameters were measured using the Pentacam. Coefficient variations of PD (CV) during the different scanning periods were analyzed comparatively between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentacam once time output 25 Scheimpflug images, with 13 ones during the period from 1st to 1.5th s and 12 ones during the period from 2.5th to 3rd s after the scanning onset. For the spatial order on all the 25 meridians, 13 Scheimpflug images came out when the Pentacam rotated from 60\u00b0 to 153\u00b0meridians and the remaining 12 Scheimpflug images from 161\u00b0 to 245\u00b0 meridians. Among pupillary parameters, no statistical significance existed in PD25, PD13, and PD12 (pupil diameter\u2019s mean from all, former 13 and remaining 12 of 25 Scheimpflug images, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05) between the two groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in CV25 and CV13 (coefficient variation of the pupil diameters from all and former 13 of 25 images, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), with no statistical significance in CV12 (coefficient variation of the pupil diameters from remaining 12 of 25 images) between both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-five Scheimpflug images on Pentacam had the temporal and the spatial orders. CV in eyes with HM was lower than that in eyes with low\/moderate myopia in a certain period of the Pentacam scan. Kinetic pupillary size in HM changed more slowly than that in low\/moderate myopia during some scanning period analogous to the phasic response of the pupil reflex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.981436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:57:13Z","timestamp":1669355833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Kinetic pupillary size using Pentacam in myopia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kaixiu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16233","article-title":"The post-illumination pupil response (PIPR).","volume":"56","author":"Adhikari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)01026-0","article-title":"Greater pupillary escape differentiates central from peripheral visual field loss.","volume":"109","author":"Bergamin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05784.x","article-title":"Attention deficit disorders and sleep\/arousal disturbance.","volume":"931","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1017\/s0048577299970373","article-title":"Phasic pupil dilation response to noxious stimulation in normal volunteers: Relationship to brain evoked potentials and pain report.","volume":"36","author":"Chapman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00135.x","article-title":"The autonomic control of accommodation and implications for human myopia development: a review.","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opti. J. Br. Coll. Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01131.2002","article-title":"Characteristics of the pupillary light reflex in the alert rhesus monkey.","volume":"89","author":"Clarke","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.10.036","article-title":"Repeatability and Agreement of Orbscan II. Pentacam HR, and Galilei Tomography Systems in Corneas With Keratoconus.","volume":"186","author":"De Bernardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18718","article-title":"Optic nerve sheath as a novel mechanical load on the globe in ocular duction.","volume":"57","author":"Demer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.420334","article-title":"Binocular dynamics of accommodation, convergence, and pupil size in myopes.","volume":"12","author":"Ghoushchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00229-f","article-title":"The effect of topical beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on accommodation in emmetropia and myopia.","volume":"35","author":"Gilmartin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00054.x","article-title":"Sympathetic control of accommodation: Evidence for inter-subject variation.","volume":"22","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. J. Br. Coll. Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050.","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-019-0526-4","article-title":"Brain arousal regulation and depressive symptomatology in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.04.022","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population: the Tajimi Study.","volume":"113","author":"Iwase","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.03.005","article-title":"Pupil size as a window on neural substrates of cognition.","volume":"24","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"20","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the pupil","author":"Kardon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Walsh &amp; hoyt\u2019s clinical neuro-ophthalmology"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"467","article-title":"Pupillary light reflex in amblyopia.","volume":"25","author":"Kase","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00043","article-title":"Human pupillary dilation response to deviant auditory stimuli: Effects of stimulus properties and voluntary attention.","volume":"10","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01691","article-title":"chap. 3","volume":"10","author":"Loewenfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"The pupil: Anatomy, physiology, and clinical applications"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1950.02310270002001","article-title":"Role of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in reflex dilation of the pupil; pupillographic studies.","volume":"64","author":"Lowenstein","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77096-5","article-title":"Pupil cycle time in optic neuritis.","author":"Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00919","article-title":"Tracking the allocation of attention using human pupillary oscillations.","volume":"4","author":"Naber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interpretation Guide"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.6.665","article-title":"Altered pupillary size and darkness and light reflexes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"62","author":"Prettyman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"393","article-title":"Pupil function: Tests and disorders","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Autonomic failure"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2002.95.3.775","article-title":"Human pupil and eyelid response to intense laser light: Implications for protection.","author":"Stamper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01271.x","article-title":"Pupillary responses and event-related potentials as indices of the orienting reflex.","volume":"48","author":"Steiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00565.x","article-title":"Repeatability of post-task regression of accommodation in emmetropia and late-onset myopia.","volume":"14","author":"Strang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Optics J. Br. Coll. Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04444.x","article-title":"Effects of reboxetine and desipramine on the kinetics of the pupillary light reflex.","volume":"39","author":"Theofilopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.4.828","article-title":"Accommodation function of the human eye.","volume":"52","author":"Toates","year":"1972","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16468","article-title":"Using flickering light to enhance nonimage-forming visual stimulation in humans.","volume":"56","author":"Vartanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12641","article-title":"Modulation of stimulus contrast on the human pupil orienting response.","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Factors affecting light-adapted pupil size in normal human subjects.","volume":"35","author":"Winn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.035","article-title":"Causes of blindness and visual impairment in urban and rural areas in Beijing: The Beijing eye study.","volume":"113","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13848","article-title":"Multisensory signals inhibit pupillary light reflex: Evidence from pupil oscillation.","volume":"58","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.01.046","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity density in high myopia.","volume":"303","author":"Zhai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.981436\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:57:18Z","timestamp":1669355838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.981436\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2022.981436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.981436","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"article-number":"981436"}}