{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:36:46Z","timestamp":1789141006275,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) affects both spontaneous brain activity and A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> adenosine receptor (A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>AR) availability. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that the neuromodulatory adenosinergic system acts as regulator of the individual neuronal activity remains unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, fourteen young men underwent Rs-fMRI, A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>AR PET scans, and neuropsychological tests after 52 h of SD and after 14 h of recovery sleep.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggested higher oscillations or regional homogeneity in multiple temporal and visual cortices, whereas decreased oscillations in cerebellum after sleep loss. At the same time, we found that connectivity strengths increased in sensorimotor areas and decreased in subcortical areas and cerebellum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moreover, negative correlations between A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>AR availability and rs-fMRI metrics of BOLD activity in the left superior\/middle temporal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus of the human brain provide new insights into the molecular basis of neuronal responses induced by high homeostatic sleep pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1077597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T07:18:08Z","timestamp":1678951088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations between resting state brain activity and A1 adenosine receptor availability in the healthy brain: Effects of acute sleep deprivation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Changhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Matusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aeschbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Elmenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Elmenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04499","article-title":"Disruption of thalamic functional connectivity is a neural correlate of dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness.","volume":"3","author":"Akeju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1693","article-title":"Adenosine is crucial for deep brain stimulation-mediated attenuation of tremor.","volume":"14","author":"Bekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh011","article-title":"Identification and differential vulnerability of a neural network in sleep deprivation.","volume":"14","author":"Bell-McGinty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909789152182","article-title":"Adenosine and sleep.","volume":"7","author":"Bjorness","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745","article-title":"Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks.","volume":"304","author":"Buzsaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65086-x","article-title":"Two nights of recovery sleep restores hippocampal connectivity but not episodic memory after total sleep deprivation.","volume":"10","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0733-08.2008","article-title":"Lapsing during sleep deprivation is associated with distributed changes in brain activation.","volume":"28","author":"Chee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00588","article-title":"Altered regional cortical brain activity in healthy subjects after sleep deprivation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23843","article-title":"Reproducibility of R-fMRI metrics on the impact of different strategies for multiple comparison correction and sample sizes.","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4045-08.2008","article-title":"Cholinergic augmentation modulates visual task performance in sleep-deprived young adults.","volume":"28","author":"Chuah","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614677114","article-title":"Recovery sleep after extended wakefulness restores elevated A1 adenosine receptor availability in the human brain.","volume":"114","author":"Elmenhorst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5066-06.2007","article-title":"Sleep deprivation increases A1 adenosine receptor binding in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study.","volume":"27","author":"Elmenhorst","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01087","article-title":"Effects of chronic sleep restriction on the brain functional network, as revealed by graph theory.","volume":"13","author":"Farahani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120323","article-title":"Frequency-dependent changes of local resting oscillations in sleep-deprived brain.","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.04.006","article-title":"Sleep deprivation affects somatosensory cortex excitability as tested through median nerve stimulation.","volume":"7","author":"Gorgoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3220-10.2011","article-title":"Sleep deprivation amplifies reactivity of brain reward networks, biasing the appraisal of positive emotional experiences.","volume":"31","author":"Gujar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.12.010","article-title":"Effects of different stimulation parameters on the antidepressant-like response of medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in rats.","volume":"44","author":"Hamani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.059","article-title":"Frequency-dependent changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a resting-state fMRI study.","volume":"55","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001404","article-title":"Resting brain activity in disorders of consciousness A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"84","author":"Hannawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28751","article-title":"Cerebral mGluR5 availability contributes to elevated sleep need and behavioral adjustment after sleep deprivation.","volume":"6","author":"Holst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611795347654","article-title":"The role of adenosine in the regulation of sleep.","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9240","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3366-04.2004","article-title":"Neuronal oscillations in the basal ganglia and movement disorders: evidence from whole animal and human recordings.","volume":"24","author":"Hutchison","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.03.008","article-title":"Functional brain alterations in acute sleep deprivation: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.","volume":"46","author":"Javaheripour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2009.01.014","article-title":"Neurophysiological mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy for depression.","volume":"64","author":"Kato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh686","article-title":"Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: an EEG\/fMRI study.","volume":"129","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2408-18.2018","article-title":"The pain of sleep loss: a brain characterization in humans.","volume":"39","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.02.001","article-title":"Role of the basal ganglia in the control of sleep and wakefulness.","volume":"23","author":"Lazarus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24855","article-title":"Impact of acute sleep deprivation on dynamic functional connectivity states.","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161282","article-title":"Frequency-dependent changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in mild cognitive impairment with mild depression.","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B31","article-title":"Subcortical evidence for a contribution of arousal to fMRI studies of brain activity.","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4404","article-title":"How acute total sleep loss affects the attending brain: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.","volume":"38","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S366224","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity and topological organization of brain networks correlate to cognitive impairments after sleep deprivation.","volume":"14","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4433","article-title":"Selective neuronal lapses precede human cognitive lapses following sleep deprivation.","volume":"23","author":"Nir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3422","article-title":"Decreased connectivity between the thalamus and the neocortex during human nonrapid eye movement sleep.","volume":"37","author":"Picchioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8979","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08979.1998","article-title":"A specific role for the thalamus in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal in humans.","volume":"18","author":"Portas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4936-09.2010","article-title":"Essential role of dopamine D2 receptor in the maintenance of wakefulness, but not in homeostatic regulation of sleep, in mice.","volume":"30","author":"Qu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04165.x","article-title":"Essential roles of Homer-1a in homeostatic regulation of pyramidal cell excitability: a possible link to clinical benefits of electroconvulsive shock.","volume":"21","author":"Sakagami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy251","article-title":"A coordinate-based meta-analysis comparing brain activation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and total sleep deprivation.","volume":"42","author":"Saletin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078830","article-title":"Decreased thalamocortical functional connectivity after 36 hours of total sleep deprivation: evidence from resting state FMRI.","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x","article-title":"Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity.","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.93","article-title":"Association between striatal dopamine D-2\/D-3 receptors and brain activation during visual attention: effects of sleep deprivation.","volume":"6","author":"Tomasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn073","article-title":"Impairment of attentional networks after 1 night of sleep deprivation.","volume":"19","author":"Tomasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.5.603","article-title":"Sleep deprivation elevates expectation of gains and attenuates response to losses following risky decisions.","volume":"30","author":"Venkatraman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6711","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-12.2012","article-title":"Evidence that sleep deprivation downregulates dopamine D2R in ventral striatum in the human brain.","volume":"32","author":"Volkow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1443-08.2008","article-title":"Sleep deprivation decreases binding of [11C]raclopride to dopamine D2\/D3 receptors in the human brain.","volume":"28","author":"Volkow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S99644","article-title":"Sleep deprivation disturbed regional brain activity in healthy subjects: evidence from a functional magnetic resonance-imaging study.","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00303","article-title":"Severe sleep deprivation causes hallucinations and a gradual progression toward psychosis with increasing time awake.","volume":"9","author":"Waters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","article-title":"Permutation inference for the general linear model.","volume":"92","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301166","article-title":"Frontal lobe metabolic decreases with sleep deprivation not totally reversed by recovery sleep.","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effect of sleep deprivation on cerebral glucose metabolic rate in normal humans assessed with positron emission tomography.","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.660365","article-title":"Classifying vulnerability to sleep deprivation using resting-state functional MRI graph theory metrics.","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.018","article-title":"Functional connectivity during rested wakefulness predicts vulnerability to sleep deprivation.","volume":"111","author":"Yeo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.07.002","article-title":"Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI.","volume":"29","author":"Zang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","article-title":"Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Zang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.012","article-title":"An improved approach to detection of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) for resting-state fMRI: fractional ALFF.","volume":"172","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.037","article-title":"The oscillating brain: complex and reliable.","volume":"49","author":"Zuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr269","article-title":"Network centrality in the human functional connectome.","volume":"22","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1077597\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T14:49:38Z","timestamp":1678978178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1077597\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2023.1077597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1077597","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"article-number":"1077597"}}