{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:30:38Z","timestamp":1780583438539,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of micro-radiofrequency (RF) therapy through the urethra vs. oral tolterodine tartrate in the treatment of newly diagnosed overactive bladder (OAB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 46 patients who were newly diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OAB were included; 23 of them underwent the micro-RF treatment procedure, and the other 23 patients took tolterodine. Bladder diaries were recorded 3 days before treatment and during the follow-up period on 1, 3, and 7 weeks after micro-RF therapy or oral tolterodine. Micturition parameters including daily voiding times, daily urge urinary incontinence (UI) episodes, daily urgency episodes, mean volume per micturition, post-void residual volume (PVR), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), and quality of life (QoL) score were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 46 patients underwent either micro-RF or oral tolterodine treatment, as well as a complete follow-up. The incidence of adverse events in the micro-RF group was 8.7% (2\/23), and that in the tolterodine group was 43.5% (10\/23). The following two adverse events happened in the micro-RF group: an injury to the urethra during catheterization in a man and a urinary tract infection in a woman, both of which were relieved or disappeared after day 3. The adverse effects in the tolterodine group were mainly dry mouth (4\/23), dysuria (5\/23), and constipation (8\/23), but none of the patients withdrew from the drug therapy. Compared to pre-therapy, all parameters of both groups, including daily voiding times, daily urgency episodes, mean volume per micturition, OABSS, and QoL score, demonstrated significant improvements during follow-up in 7 weeks after therapy, except for daily UI episodes in the tolterodine group, while the above parameters showed bigger improvements in the micro-RF group than in the tolterodine group. Besides, the general treatment efficacy of micro-RF was 73.9% (17\/23), which was significantly better than tolterodine (10\/23, 43.5%), and the difference was 30.4% [95% CI: 3.4\u201357.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.036].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, we found that micro-RF therapy is safe and more effective than oral tolterodine for newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe OAB in a short-term follow-up. Stronger evidence would be provided through a well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1120843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T05:00:57Z","timestamp":1679288457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of micro-radiofrequency therapy and tolterodine for the treatment of newly diagnosed overactive bladder: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chesong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation subcommittee of the international continence society","volume":"187","author":"Abrams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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