{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T04:27:39Z","timestamp":1785040059815,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is an effective treatment for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). In this study, real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were obtained from patients with DOC during HBO therapy. EEG microstate indicators including mean microstate duration (MMD), ratio of total time covered (RTT), global explained variance (GEV), transition probability, mean occurrence, and mean global field power (GFP) were compared before and during HBO therapy. The results showed that the duration of microstate C in all patients with DOC increased after 20\u2009min of HBO therapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Further statistical analysis found that the duration of microstate C was longer in the higher CRS-R group (\u22658, 17 cases) than in the lower group (&amp;lt;8, 24 cases) during HBO treatment. In the higher CRS-R group, the transition probabilities from microstate A to microstate C and from microstate C to microstate A also increased significantly compared with the probability before treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Microstate C is generally considered to be related to a salience network; an increase in the transition probability between microstate A and microstate C indicates increased information exchange between the auditory network and the salience network. The results of this study show that HBO therapy has a specific activating effect on attention and cognitive control in patients and causes increased activity in the primary sensory cortex (temporal lobe and occipital lobe). This study demonstrates that real-time EEG detection and analysis during HBO is a clinically feasible method for assessing brain function in patients with DOC. During HBO therapy, some EEG microstate indicators show significant changes related to the state of consciousness in patients with chronic DOC. This will be complementary to important electrophysiological indicators for assessing consciousness and may also provide an objective foundation for the precise treatment of patients with DOC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:16:42Z","timestamp":1681276602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["EEG microstate changes during hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiameng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianbi","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102372","article-title":"Bedside EEG predicts longitudinal behavioural changes in disorders of consciousness","volume":"28","author":"Bareham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.052","article-title":"BOLD correlates of EEG topography reveal rapid resting-state network dynamics","volume":"52","author":"Britz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00963-7","article-title":"EEG microstates as biomarker for psychosis in ultra-high-risk patients","volume":"10","author":"de Bock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","article-title":"The JFK coma recovery scale-revised: Measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility","volume":"85","author":"Giacino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005926","article-title":"Practice guideline update recommendations summary: disorders of consciousness: Report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology; the American congress of rehabilitation medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","volume":"91","author":"Giacino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878203","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.878203","article-title":"Dynamic changes of brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness during recovery of consciousness","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010","article-title":"Microstates in resting-state EEG: Current status and future directions","volume":"49","author":"Khanna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14151","article-title":"European academy of neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness","volume":"27","author":"Kondziella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90025-3","article-title":"EEG alpha map series: Brain micro-states by space-oriented adaptive segmentation","volume":"67","author":"Lehmann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.054","article-title":"Core networks for visual-concrete and abstract thought content: A brain electric microstate analysis","volume":"49","author":"Lehmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.08.027","article-title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of EEG features during consciousness recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"133","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.062","article-title":"EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review","volume":"180","author":"Michel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586945","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.586945","article-title":"Resting-state electroencephalography for prognosis in disorders of consciousness following traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Pauli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis of stupor and coma","volume":"10","author":"Plum","year":"1972","journal-title":"Contemp. Neurol. Ser."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778951","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.778951","article-title":"Diagnostic developments in differentiating unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and the minimally conscious state","volume":"12","author":"Porcaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-9-35","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: Clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment","volume":"9","author":"Schnakers","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00714","article-title":"EEG microstates change in response to increase in dopaminergic stimulation in typical Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"12","author":"Serrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0643-x","article-title":"Consciousness indexing and outcome prediction with resting-state EEG in severe disorders of consciousness","volume":"31","author":"Stefan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853602","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.853602","article-title":"Abnormalities of electroencephalography microstates in drug-Na\u00efve, first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2018.00030","article-title":"Information-theoretical analysis of EEG microstate sequences in python","volume":"12","author":"von Wegner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638722","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.638722","article-title":"Electroencephalographic microstates in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20200107-00040","article-title":"Time selection and course of treatment of cerebral resuscitation with hyperbaric oxygen","volume":"32","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-9771.2014.07.013","article-title":"Influence of oxygen inhalation on latency and amplitude of P300","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rehabil. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-011-0180-3","article-title":"Effect of homobaric pure oxygen on sensory gating in the human brain","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903703","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.903703","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of electroencephalography in the neuromodulation of disorders of consciousness","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14003","article-title":"The temporal dynamics of large-scale brain network changes in disorders of consciousness: A microstate-based study","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145065\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:16:49Z","timestamp":1681276609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145065\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"article-number":"1145065"}}