{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1753891697328,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171408","82171411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171408","82171411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) is a novel cognitive screening method with the quick and reliable merit for detecting cognitive impairment at an early stage. The diagnostic power of FCT in differentiating subjects with cognitive impairment from people with cognition in a normal range was demonstrated effective as that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE) in a previous cohort study. Here, we analyzed the effect of sociodemographic and health-related factors on FCT performance and further investigated the consistency of FCT. Then, we compared the correlation of subitem scores of FCT or MMSE with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests that focus on specific domains of cognition. Finally, the association of the total FCT scores with the volumes of brain subregions was investigated. There were 360 subjects aged 60\u2009years or above enrolled in this study, including 226 adults with cognitive abilities in normal range, 107 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 27 mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). The results showed that the total FCT scores was negatively associated with increasing age (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.146, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and positively associated with education attainment (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.318, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), dwelling condition with family (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.153, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and the Body Mass Index (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.519, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). The internal consistency of the FCT (Cronbach\u2019s <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) was 0.644. The sub-scores of FCT showed a significant correlation with other specific neuropsychological tests. Impressively, the total FCT scores showed a significantly positive association with the volumes of hippocampus related subregions (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.523, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and amygdala (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.479, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), but not with cerebellum (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.158, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) or subcortical subregions (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.070, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Combining with previous data, FCT is a reliable and valid cognitive screening test for detecting cognitive impairment in a community setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T05:17:23Z","timestamp":1686287843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparison of the five-minute cognitive test with the mini-mental state examination in the elderly for cognitive impairment screening"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingfeng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjiu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638","article-title":"2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d62d9","article-title":"Local amygdala structural differences with 3T MRI in patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"76","author":"Cavedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201170","article-title":"Education exerts different effects on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment: a population-based study","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1686458","article-title":"Productive engagement patterns and their association with depressive symptomatology, loneliness, and cognitive function among older adults","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102804","article-title":"Longitudinal brain atrophy and CSF biomarkers in early-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"32","author":"Contador","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540090046009","article-title":"Amygdala atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. An in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"50","author":"Cuenod","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122440","article-title":"A combination of neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid markers predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia","volume":"36","author":"Eckerstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1038\/80671","article-title":"Remembering episodes: a selective role for the hippocampus during retrieval","volume":"3","author":"Eldridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.073","article-title":"A reliable protocol for the manual segmentation of the human amygdala and its subregions using ultra-high resolution MRI","volume":"60","author":"Entis","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016346","article-title":"Memory and depressive symptoms are dynamically linked among married couples: longitudinal evidence from the AHEAD study","volume":"45","author":"Gerstorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"205","article-title":"Application of Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test in Chinese normal old people","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Reliability and validity of auditory verbal learning test on Chinese elderly patients","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chin. Ment. Health."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.4.484","article-title":"Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD","volume":"55","author":"Jack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829a3329","article-title":"MRI and MRS predictors of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based sample","volume":"81","author":"Kantarci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1550628","article-title":"Body mass index and trajectories of cognitive decline among older Korean adults","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153132","article-title":"Association of Body Mass Index and Plant-Based Diet with cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults: a prospective, Nationwide cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"390","author":"Livingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2208","article-title":"Screening for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Lonie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"118","article-title":"Trail making test used by Chinese elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer' dementia","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.015","article-title":"Relationship between regional atrophy rates and cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518001848","article-title":"The relationship between adiposity and cognitive function in a large community-dwelling population: data from the trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA) ageing cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Ntlholang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.002","article-title":"Brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and aging","volume":"30","author":"Pini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.06.014","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging I. Amygdala atrophy is prominent in early Alzheimer's disease and relates to symptom severity","volume":"194","author":"Poulin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.02.005","article-title":"Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members","volume":"20","author":"Rabin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.093","article-title":"Associations of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: based on the CLHLS","volume":"295","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000501150","article-title":"Aging brain: vasculature I, behavior S. psychometric characteristics of cognitive reserve: how high education might improve certain cognitive abilities in aging","volume":"47","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170073","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of the combination of two measures of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"58","author":"Sala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"volume-title":"Symbol Digit Modalities Test","year":"1982","author":"Smith","key":"ref33"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860802607330","article-title":"The influence of spouse lower cognitive function on partner health and well-being among community-dwelling older couples: moderating roles of gender and marital problems","volume":"13","author":"Strawbridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x","article-title":"The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0103-3","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging I. relationship between the Montreal cognitive assessment and Mini-mental state examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults","volume":"15","author":"Trzepacz","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2152","article-title":"Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Tsoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"volume-title":"Global Status Report on the Public Health Response to Dementia: Executive Summary","year":"2021","key":"ref38"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00792-y","article-title":"Association between body mass index, its change and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: a community-based, 9-year prospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-9-17","article-title":"Hippocampal volumes are important predictors for memory function in elderly women","volume":"9","author":"Ystad","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1159\/000510092","article-title":"Effects of cognitive functioning and education on later-life health numeracy","volume":"66","author":"Zamarian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0115","article-title":"Five-minute cognitive test as a new quick screening of cognitive impairment in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"241","article-title":"Category verbal fluency test in identification and differential diagnosis of dementia","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146552\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T09:25:19Z","timestamp":1686561919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146552\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146552","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1662-453X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"article-number":"1146552"}}