{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:05:43Z","timestamp":1790913943840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the PET-MRI co-registration of hypometabolic patterns in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) types I and II and provide some suggestions in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed PET-MRI co-registration imaging data from a cohort of 83 epilepsy patients with histologically confirmed FCD types I and II. Hypometabolic patterns were classified into 4 types: bottom of sulcus hypometabolism (BOSH), single island of sulcus hypometabolism (SIOS), single gyrus or sulcus hypometabolism (SGOS), and multiple gyri and sulci hypometabolism (MGOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of cases that were overlooked by conventional MRI and PET evaluation but positive in PET-MRI co-registration were focalized lesions in dorsolateral frontal lobe (9\/15) and FCD type IIa was the most prevalent pathological type (11\/15). The FCD histological types (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.027) and locations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001) were independent predictors of PET-MRI co-registration hypometabolic patterns. Focalized hypometabolic patterns (BOSH, SIOS, SGOS) were primarily observed in the frontal lobe (33\/39) and FCD type II (43\/62) and extensive pattern (MGOS) in temporal lobe (18\/20) and FCD type I (16\/21; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PET-MRI co-registration enhanced the detection of FCD type IIa compared with conventional MRI and PET reading. The hypometabolic patterns of FCD type I and temporal lobe FCD were more extensive than those of FCD type II and frontal lobe FCD, respectively. The predilection of focalized hypometabolic patterns in frontal lobe FCD suggested that subtle lesions should be checked carefully in patients with suspected frontal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1173534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T06:52:20Z","timestamp":1695711140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hypometabolic patterns of focal cortical dysplasia in PET-MRI co-registration imaging: a retrospective evaluation in a series of 83 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiu","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.4.1148","article-title":"Focal transmantle dysplasia: a specific malformation of cortical development","volume":"49","author":"Barkovich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d","article-title":"A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development","volume":"65","author":"Barkovich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02777.x","article-title":"The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc task force of the ILAE diagnostic methods commission","volume":"52","author":"Bl\u00fcmcke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03363.x","article-title":"Type II focal cortical dysplasia: electroclinical phenotype and surgical outcome related to imaging","volume":"53","author":"Chassoux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820203a9","article-title":"FDG-PET improves surgical outcome in negative MRI Taylor-type focal cortical dysplasias","volume":"75","author":"Chassoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-012-1049-1","article-title":"Focal cortical dysplasia type IIa and IIb: MRI aspects in 118 cases proven by histopathology","volume":"54","author":"Colombo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12876","article-title":"Long-term seizure outcome in 211 patients with focal cortical dysplasia","volume":"56","author":"Fauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-47","article-title":"Disorganization of neocortical lamination in focal cortical dysplasia is brain-region dependent: evidence from layer-specific marker expression","volume":"1","author":"Fauser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. 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