{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:10:03Z","timestamp":1784545803464,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a movement disorder that can affect balance and gait, limb movement, oculomotor control, and cognition. Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the most common forms of CA, for which no effective treatment is currently available. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation supposed to alter cortical excitability and brain electrical activity, modulating functional connectivity within the brain. The cerebellar tACS can modulate the cerebellar outflow and cerebellum-linked behavior and it is a proven safe technique for humans. Therefore, the aim of this study is to 1) examine whether cerebellar tACS improves ataxia severity and various non-motor symptoms in a homogeneous cohort of CA patients consisting of MSA-C and SCA3, 2) explore the time course of these effects, and 3) assess the safety and tolerance of cerebellar tACS in all participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods\/design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a 2-week, triple-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study. 164 patients (MSA-C: 84, SCA3: 80) will be recruited and randomly assigned to either active cerebellar tACS or sham cerebellar tACS, in a 1:1 ratio. Patients, investigators, and outcome assessors are unaware of treatment allocation. Cerebellar tACS (40 min, 2 mA, ramp-up and down periods of 10s each) will be delivered over 10 sessions, distributed in two groups of five consecutive days with a two-day break in between. Outcomes are assessed after the tenth stimulation (T1), and after 1\u2009month (T2) and 3 months (T3). The primary outcome measure is the difference between the active and sham groups in the proportion of patients with an improvement of 1.5 points in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score after 2\u2009weeks of treatment. In addition, effects on a variety of non-motor symptoms, quality of life, and autonomic nerve dysfunctions are assessed via relative scales. Gait imbalance, dysarthria, and finger dexterity are objectively valued via relative tools. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging is performed to explore the possible mechanism of treatment effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study will inform whether repeated sessions of active cerebellar tACS benefit CA patients and whether this form of non-invasive stimulation might be a novel therapeutic approach to consider in a neuro-rehabilitation setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>: <jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT05557786; <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05557786<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T05:25:48Z","timestamp":1682573148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation in cerebellar ataxia: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hua","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Rui","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01440","article-title":"Differential tDCS and tACS effects on working memory-related neural activity and resting-state connectivity","volume":"13","author":"Abellaneda-P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.056","article-title":"Targeting reduced neural oscillations in patients with schizophrenia by transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"186","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11262","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5867-12.2013","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates large-scale cortical network activity by network resonance","volume":"33","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1006610","article-title":"The autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias","volume":"366","author":"Anheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001","article-title":"Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Antal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2007.10.001","article-title":"Comparatively weak after-effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cortical excitability in humans","volume":"1","author":"Antal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5192","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856830","article-title":"Modulation of multiunit spike activity by Transcranial AC stimulation (tACS) in the rat cerebellar cortex","volume":"2019","author":"Asan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00634-9","article-title":"Recessive cerebellar and afferent ataxias - clinical challenges and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Beaudin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26411","article-title":"Increasing brain gamma activity improves episodic memory and restores cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Benussi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.11.001","article-title":"Long term clinical and neurophysiological effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with neurodegenerative ataxia","volume":"10","author":"Benussi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.05.041","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation has frequency-dependent effects on motor learning in healthy humans","volume":"411","author":"Bologna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01299-8","article-title":"Quality of life since pre-ataxic phases of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3\/Machado-Joseph disease","volume":"21","author":"Bolzan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858419828646","article-title":"Probing the link between perception and oscillations: lessons from Transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Cabral-Calderin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P","article-title":"Development of a fatigue scale","volume":"37","author":"Chalder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials","volume":"158","author":"Chan","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.355981","article-title":"Cell-based therapeutic strategies for treatment of spinocerebellar ataxias: an update","volume":"18","author":"Correia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101768","article-title":"Personalized transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and physical therapy to treat motor and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a randomized cross-over trial","volume":"22","author":"Del Felice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01209-9","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry","volume":"271","author":"Elyamany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000480038","article-title":"The clinical inadequacy of the placebo model and the development of an alternative conceptual framework","volume":"86","author":"Fava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416631966","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation: what we know and do not know about mechanisms [J]","volume":"23","author":"Fertonani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690824","article-title":"The nine-hole peg test as a manual dexterity performance measure for multiple sclerosis [J]","volume":"23","author":"Feys","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.4","article-title":"Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets","volume":"13","author":"Friston","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09717-3","article-title":"The neurological update: therapies for cerebellar ataxias in 2020","volume":"267","author":"Gandini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01255-6","article-title":"Functional role of cerebellar gamma frequency in motor sequences learning: a tACS study","volume":"20","author":"Giustiniani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01132-3","article-title":"Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation","volume":"25","author":"Grover","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br. J. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00279","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation: a review of the underlying mechanisms and modulation of cognitive processes","volume":"7","author":"Herrmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000504609","article-title":"Effect of Transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of chronic insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"89","author":"Hong-Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9630564","article-title":"Modulating emotion processing using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) - a sham-controlled study in healthy human participants","volume":"2021","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.07.012","article-title":"tACS as a promising therapeutic option for improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment: a direct comparison between tACS and tDCS","volume":"141","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2003.09.007","article-title":"Comparison of methods for detecting nondeterministic BOLD fluctuation in fMRI","volume":"22","author":"Kiviniemi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2019.12.003","article-title":"Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates human gait rhythm [J]","volume":"156","author":"Koganemaru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26743","article-title":"Minimally clinically important decline in the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy","volume":"31","author":"Krismer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30141-3","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate in multiple system atrophy (PROMESA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.10.009","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of the Hamilton rating scale for depression in adults with epilepsy","volume":"89","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000774","article-title":"Cerebellar ataxias: an update","volume":"33","author":"Manto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910790909476","article-title":"Past, present and future therapeutics for cerebellar ataxias","volume":"8","author":"Marmolino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2016.12.003","article-title":"Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: a review","volume":"2","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol. Pract."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7501","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0510-14.2014","article-title":"The selective influence of rhythmic cortical versus cerebellar transcranial stimulation on human physiological tremor","volume":"34","author":"Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.113805","article-title":"Gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation on the cerebellum and supplementary motor area improves bimanual motor skill","volume":"424","author":"Miyaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28923","article-title":"mTOR inhibition with Sirolimus in multiple system atrophy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled futility trial and 1-year biomarker longitudinal analysis","volume":"37","author":"Palma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00382-6","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy","volume":"8","author":"Poewe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2022.05.002","article-title":"Evaluation of cerebellar ataxic patients","volume":"41","author":"Radmard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00201-X","article-title":"Riluzole in patients with hereditary cerebellar ataxia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Romano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"026060","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac676f","article-title":"Optimizing the montage for cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): a combined computational and experimental study","volume":"19","author":"Sadeghihassanabadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92","article-title":"Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale","volume":"66","author":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21649","article-title":"Measuring health-related quality of life in MSA: the MSA-QoL","volume":"22","author":"Schrag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118410","article-title":"Alpha oscillations modulate premotor-cerebellar connectivity in motor learning: insights from transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"241","author":"Schubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(96)00231-6","article-title":"International cooperative Ataxia rating scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. The Ataxia neuropharmacology Committee of the World Federation of neurology","volume":"145","author":"Trouillas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20153","article-title":"Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the SCOPA-AUT","volume":"19","author":"Visser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab252","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation for treating depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29005","article-title":"The Movement Disorder Society criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy","volume":"37","author":"Wenning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20255","article-title":"Development and validation of the unified multiple system atrophy rating scale (UMSARS)","volume":"19","author":"Wenning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68028-9","article-title":"Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation in the gamma range applied during the acquisition of a novel motor skill","volume":"10","author":"Wessel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01362-4","article-title":"Mini-review: Transcranial alternating current stimulation and the cerebellum","volume":"22","author":"Wessel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652393","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.652393","article-title":"Improving the effect of Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4303.796","article-title":"The dysphonia severity index: an objective measure of vocal quality based on a multiparameter approach","volume":"43","author":"Wuyts","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.015","article-title":"Basic and functional effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)-an introduction","volume":"85","author":"Yavari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","article-title":"Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zang","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180454\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T05:25:51Z","timestamp":1682573151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180454\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1180454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"article-number":"1180454"}}