{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1792109151487,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term recovery of limb function is a significant unmet need in people with paralysis. Neuromodulation of the spinal cord through epidural stimulation, when paired with intense activity-based training, has shown promising results toward restoring volitional limb control in people with spinal cord injury. Non-invasive neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has shown similar improvements in upper-limb motor control rehabilitation. However, the motor and sensory rehabilitative effects of activating specific cervical spinal segments using tSCS have largely remained unexplored. We show in two individuals with motor-complete SCI that targeted stimulation of the cervical spinal cord resulted in up to a 1,136% increase in exerted force, with weekly activity-based training. Furthermore, this is the first study to document up to a 2-point improvement in clinical assessment of tactile sensation in SCI after receiving tSCS. Lastly, participant gains persisted after a one-month period void of stimulation, suggesting that targeted tSCS may lead to persistent recovery of motor and sensory function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1210328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T08:38:00Z","timestamp":1688719080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Targeted transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation promotes persistent recovery of upper limb strength and tactile sensation in spinal cord injury: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Santosh","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikunj A.","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ramdeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawan D.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug G.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Harkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad E.","family":"Bouton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1371","article-title":"Targeting recovery: priorities of the spinal cord-injured population","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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