{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:40:28Z","timestamp":1788363628804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electroretinograms elicited by photopigment isolating white noise stimuli (wnERGs) in mice were measured. The dependency of rod- and cone-opsin-driven wnERGs on mean luminance was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal white noise stimuli (containing all frequencies up to 20\u2009Hz, equal amplitudes, random phases) that modulated either rhodopsin, S-opsin or L*-opsin, using the double silent substitution technique, were used to record wnERGs in mice expressing a human L*-opsin instead of the native murine M-opsin. Responses were recorded at 4 mean luminances (MLs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Impulse response functions (IRFs) were obtained by cross-correlating the wnERG recordings with the corresponding modulation of the photopigment excitation elicited by the stimulus. So-called modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the IRFs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Potentials of two repeated wnERG recordings at corresponding time points were plotted against each other. The correlation coefficient (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>repr<\/jats:sub>) of the linear regression through these data was used to quantify reproducibility. Another correlation coefficient (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>ML<\/jats:sub>) was used to quantify the correlations of the wnERGs obtained at different MLs with those at the highest (for cone isolating stimuli) or lowest (for rod isolating stimuli) ML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IRFs showed an initial negative (a-wave like) trough N1 and a subsequent positive (b-wave like) peak P1. No oscillatory potential-like components were observed. At 0.4 and 1.0 log cd\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> ML robust L*- and S-opsin-driven IRFs were obtained that displayed similar latencies and dependencies on ML. L*-opsin-driven IRFs were 2.5\u20133 times larger than S-opsin-driven IRFs. Rhodopsin-driven IRFs were observed at \u22120.8 and\u2009\u2212\u20090.2 log cd\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and decreased in amplitude with increasing ML. They displayed an additional pronounced late negativity (N2), which may be a correlate of retinal ganglion cell activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>repr<\/jats:sub> and r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>ML<\/jats:sub> values increased for cones with increasing ML whereas they decreased for rods. For rhodopsin-driven MTFs at low MLs and L*-opsin-driven MTFs at high MLs amplitudes decreased with increasing frequency, with much faster decreasing amplitudes for rhodopsin. A delay was calculated from MTF phases showing larger delays for rhodopsin- vs. low delays for L*-opsin-driven responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opsin-isolating wnERGs in mice show characteristics of different retinal cell types and their connected pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1211329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T11:08:53Z","timestamp":1690801733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Single opsin driven white noise ERGs in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Stallwitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneka","family":"Joachimsthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.08.007","article-title":"The melanopsin-directed white noise electroretinogram (wnERG)","volume":"164","author":"Adhikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vis. 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