{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:15:18Z","timestamp":1790381718703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the direction and SPV (slow phase velocity) of the components of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) in patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) and the correlation between SN components and affected semicircular canals (SCCs). Additionally, we aimed to elucidate the role of directional features of peripheral SN in diagnosing acute vestibular syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients diagnosed with VN in our hospital between 2022 and 2023. The direction and SPV of SN components recorded with three-dimensional videonystagmography (3D-VNG) and the video head impulse test (vHIT) gain of each SCC were analyzed as observational indicators. We examined the correlation between superior and inferior vestibular nerve damage and the direction and SPV of SN components, and vHIT gain values in VN patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median illness duration of between symptom onset and moment of testing was 6\u2009days among the 38 VN patients (17 right VN and 21 left VN). In total, 31 patients had superior vestibular neuritis (SVN), and 7 had total vestibular neuritis (TVN). Among the 38 VN patients, all had horizontal component with an SPV of (7.66\u2009\u00b1\u20095.37) \u00b0\/s, 25 (65.8%) had vertical upward component with a SPV of (2.64\u2009\u00b1\u20091.63) \u00b0\/s, and 26 (68.4%) had torsional component with a SPV of (4.40\u2009\u00b1\u20093.12) \u00b0\/s. The vHIT results in the 38 VN patients showed that the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) gain of the anterior (A), lateral (L), and posterior (P) SCCs on the ipsilesional side were 0.60\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23, 0.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 and 0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19, respectively, while the gains on the opposite side were 0.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14, 0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08, and 0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the aVOR gain between the A-, L-SCC on the ipsilesional side and the other SCCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The aVOR gains of A-, L-, and P-SCC on the ipsilesional sides in 31 SVN patients were 0.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24, 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, and 0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10, while the aVOR gains on the opposite side were 0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13, 0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06, and 0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the aVOR gain between the A-, L-SCC on the ipsilesional side and the other SCCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). In 7 TVN patients, the aVOR gains of A-, L-, and P-SCC on the ipsilesional side were 0.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14, 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06, and 0.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07, while the aVOR gains on the opposite side were 0.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17, 0.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, and 0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the aVOR gain between the A-, L-, and P-SCC on the ipsilesional side and the other SCCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The aVOR gain asymmetry of L-SCCs in 38 VN was 36.3%. The aVOR gain asymmetry between bilateral A-SCCs and bilateral P-SCCs for VN patients with and without a vertical upward component was 12.8% and 8.3%, which was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). For VN patients with and without a torsional component, the aVOR gain asymmetry of bilateral vertical SCCs was 17.0% and 6.6%, which was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Further analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the aVOR gain asymmetry of L-SCCs and the SPV of the horizontal component of SN in all VN patients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.484, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), as well as between the asymmetry of bilateral vertical SCCs and the SPV of torsional component in 26 VN patients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.445, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the aVOR gains asymmetry of bilateral A-SCCs and P-SCCs and the SPV of the vertical component in 25 VN patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a correlation between the three-dimensional direction and SPV characteristics of SN and the aVOR gain of vHIT in VN patients. These direction characteristics can help assess different SCCs impairments in patients with unilateral vestibular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:10:27Z","timestamp":1692688227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characteristics of spontaneous nystagmus and its correlation to video head impulse test findings in vestibular neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaomei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.5.768","article-title":"Individual semicircular canal function in superior and inferior vestibular neuritis","volume":"57","author":"Aw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489850183089","article-title":"Contribution of the vertical semicircular canals to the caloric nystagmus","volume":"118","author":"Aw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17076","article-title":"Video head impulse testing in a pediatric population: normative findings","volume":"29","author":"Bachmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn086","article-title":"Are signs of ocular tilt reaction in patients with cerebellar lesions mediated by the dentate nucleus?","volume":"131","author":"Baier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e918","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003161","article-title":"Length of the narrow bony channels may not be the sole cause of differential involvement of the nerves in vestibular neuritis","volume":"42","author":"Buki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.745","article-title":"Galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in evaluating damaged sites of vestibular neuritis","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.06.013","article-title":"Further exploration of the classification and clinical value of head-shaking nystagmus","volume":"37","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-190658","article-title":"Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements","volume":"29","author":"Eggers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.3.755","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis spares the inferior division of the vestibular nerve","volume":"119","author":"Fetter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004690","article-title":"Practice guideline: cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"89","author":"Fife","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7903-4","article-title":"Vestibular compensation: the neuro-otologist's best friend","volume":"263","author":"Lacour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000490275","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis: recent advances in etiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment","volume":"82","author":"Le","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002226","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of acute vestibular neuritis according to involvement site","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106084","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1106084","article-title":"Spontaneous nystagmus with an upbeat component: central or peripheral vestibular disorders?","volume":"14","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.09.007","article-title":"The analysis of the value of spontaneous nystagmus in peripheral vestibular hypofunction","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988733","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.988733","article-title":"The 3D characteristics of nystagmus in posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07660-9","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with vestibular neuritis by caloric testing and directional preponderance calculation","volume":"280","author":"Molnar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2022.01.002","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in superior vestibular neuritis: a cross-sectional study following STROBE guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Paris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-9026.2020.09.005","article-title":"Multidisciplinary experts\u2019 consensus on vestibular neuritis","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Geriatr."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123467","article-title":"Video head impulse test (vHIT): value of gain and refixation saccades in unilateral vestibular neuritis","volume":"11","author":"Psillas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100301","article-title":"Spatial distribution of vestibular nerve in internal auditory canal","volume":"81","author":"Sando","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-220201","article-title":"Acute unilateral vestibulopathy\/vestibular neuritis: diagnostic criteria","volume":"32","author":"Strupp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.09.007","article-title":"The analysis of the value of spontaneous nystagmus in peripheral vestibular hypofunction","volume":"31","author":"Wenyu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115330-20200325-00245","article-title":"Effects of vestibular spontaneous nystagmus on visual smooth pursuit function","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2009.05.008","article-title":"3D analysis of spontaneous nystagmus in early stage of vestibular neuritis","volume":"37","author":"Yagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632489","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.632489","article-title":"A show of Ewald\u2019s law: I horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957617","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.957617","article-title":"The horizontal and vertical components of nystagmus evoked by the supine roll test in horizontal semicircular canal canalolithiasis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243720\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:15:37Z","timestamp":1692688537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243720\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243720","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"article-number":"1243720"}}