{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:27:37Z","timestamp":1773847657933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the synchronous behavior of neural networks. It is found that the synchronization ability of neurons is related to the performance of signal reception and transmission between neurons, which in turn affects the function of the organism. However, most of the existing synchronization methods are faced with two difficulties, one is the structural parameter dependency, which limits the promotion and application of synchronous methods in practical problems. The other is the limited adaptability, that is, even when faced with the same control tasks, for most of the existing control methods, the control parameters still need to be retrained. To this end, the present study investigates the synchronization problem of the fractional-order HindmarshRose (FOHR) neuronal models in unknown dynamic environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inspired by the human experience of knowledge acquiring, memorizing, and application, a learning-based sliding mode control algorithm is proposed by using the deterministic learning (DL) mechanism. Firstly, the unknown dynamics of the FOHR system under unknown dynamic environment is locally accurately identified and stored in the form of constant weight neural networks through deterministic learning without dependency of the system parameters. Then, based on the identified and stored system dynamics, the model-based and relearning-based sliding mode controller are designed for similar as well as new synchronization tasks, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The synchronization process can be started quickly by recalling the empirical dynamics of neurons. Therefore, fast synchronization effect is achieved by reducing the online computing time. In addition, because of the convergence of the identification and synchronization process, the control experience can be constantly replenished and stored for reutilization, so as to improve the synchronization speed and accuracy continuously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The thought of this article will also bring inspiration to the related research in other fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1246778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T04:20:20Z","timestamp":1695874820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Learning-based sliding mode synchronization for fractional-order Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal models with deterministic learning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Danfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106304","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5023878","article-title":"Neuron dynamics variability and anomalous phase synchronization of neural networks","volume":"28","author":"Boaretto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.009","article-title":"Effects of stimulation of the subthalamic area on oscillatory pallidal activity in Parkinson's disease","volume":"188","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. 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