{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T03:54:20Z","timestamp":1794282860125,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The cerebellum plays a central role in motor control and learning. Its neuronal network architecture, firing characteristics of component neurons, and learning rules at their synapses have been well understood in terms of anatomy and physiology. A realistic artificial cerebellum with mimetic network architecture and synaptic plasticity mechanisms may allow us to analyze cerebellar information processing in the real world by applying it to adaptive control of actual machines. Several artificial cerebellums have previously been constructed, but they require high-performance hardware to run in real-time for real-world machine control. Presently, we implemented an artificial cerebellum with the size of 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    spiking neuron models on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) which is compact, lightweight, portable, and low-power-consumption. In the implementation three novel techniques are employed: (1) 16-bit fixed-point operation and randomized rounding, (2) fully connected spike information transmission, and (3) alternative memory that uses pseudo-random number generators. We demonstrate that the FPGA artificial cerebellum runs in real-time, and its component neuron models behave as those in the corresponding artificial cerebellum configured on a personal computer in Python. We applied the FPGA artificial cerebellum to the adaptive control of a machine in the real world and demonstrated that the artificial cerebellum is capable of adaptively reducing control error after sudden load changes. This is the first implementation and demonstration of a spiking artificial cerebellum on an FPGA applicable to real-world adaptive control. The FPGA artificial cerebellum may provide neuroscientific insights into cerebellar information processing in adaptive motor control and may be applied to various neuro-devices to augment and extend human motor control capabilities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1220908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:22:19Z","timestamp":1714004539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Artificial cerebellum on FPGA: realistic real-time cerebellar spiking neural network model capable of real-world adaptive motor control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Shinji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(71)90051-4","article-title":"A theory of cerebellar function.","volume":"10","author":"Albus","year":"1971","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3426922","article-title":"A New approach to manipulator control: The cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC)","volume":"97","author":"Albus","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Dynam. Sys."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1012","article-title":"Long-term depression induced by sensory deprivation during cortical map plasticity in vivo.","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3942-07.2008","article-title":"Functions of interneurons in mouse cerebellum.","volume":"28","author":"Barmack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10464","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10464.1998","article-title":"Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: Dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type.","volume":"18","author":"Bi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9742","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09742.2003","article-title":"Cerebellar signatures of vestibulo-ocular reflex motor learning.","volume":"23","author":"Blazquez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00563","article-title":"A bidirectional brain-machine interface featuring a neuromorphic hardware decoder.","volume":"10","author":"Boi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"191","article-title":"The Human Brain Project and neuromorphic computing.","volume":"28","author":"Calimera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00037","article-title":"Reconstruction and simulation of a scaffold model of the cerebellar network.","volume":"13","author":"Casali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CISS.2011.5766099","article-title":"Design of a one million neuron single FPGA neuromorphic system for real-time multimodal scene analysis","author":"Cassidy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 45th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1222","article-title":"Modulation of spike timing by sensory deprivation during induction of cortical map plasticity.","volume":"7","author":"Celikel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","author":"Davies","year":"2023","journal-title":"Taking Neuromorphic Computing to the Next Level with Loihi 2 Technology Brief."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2018.112130359","article-title":"Loihi: A neuromorphic manycore processor with on-chip learning.","volume":"38","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3067593","article-title":"Advancing neuromorphic computing with loihi: A survey of results and outlook.","volume":"109","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2925454","article-title":"Discrimination of EMG signals using a neuromorphic implementation of a spiking neural network.","volume":"13","author":"Donati","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circ. Syst."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-13147-3","author":"Eccles","year":"1967","journal-title":"The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220309411","article-title":"Parallel fiber receptive fields: A key to understanding cerebellar operation and learning.","volume":"2","author":"Ekerot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070521","article-title":"Temporal specificity in the cortical plasticity of visual space representation.","volume":"296","author":"Fu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3312","article-title":"Distributed synergistic plasticity and cerebellar learning.","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815706","author":"Gerstner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spiking Neuron Models: Single Neurons, Populations, Plasticity"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Deep learning with limited numerical precision","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90818-t","article-title":"Depression and potentiation of the synaptic transmission between a granule cell and a Purkinje cell in rat cerebellar culture.","volume":"119","author":"Hirano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.5.2267","article-title":"Acute adaptation of the vestibuloocular reflex: Signal processing by floccular and ventral parafloccular Purkinje cells.","volume":"85","author":"Hirata","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00400","article-title":"Convergence of pontine and proprioceptive streams onto multimodal cerebellar granule cells.","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.4875","author":"Huang","year":"1992","journal-title":"A Submarine Simulator Driven by a Hierarchical Real-Time Control System Architecture."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1832","article-title":"mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells essential for long-term depression, synapse elimination, and motor coordination.","volume":"288","author":"Ichise","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-017-0857-6","article-title":"Computational theory underlying acute vestibulo-ocular reflex motor learning with cerebellar long-term depression and long-term potentiation.","volume":"16","author":"Inagaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1143","article-title":"Cerebellar long-term depression: Characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.","volume":"81","author":"Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2332","article-title":"Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum.","volume":"9","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","author":"Ito","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cerebellum: Brain for an Implicit Self."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234200","article-title":"Synaptic action of the fastigiobulbar impulses upon neurones in the medullary reticular formation and vestibular nuclei.","volume":"11","author":"Ito","year":"1970","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B32","author":"Izhikevich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814018794349","article-title":"Bioinspired control design using cerebellar model articulation controller network for omnidirectional mobile robots.","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.032","article-title":"Synaptic memories upside down: Bidirectional plasticity at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.","volume":"52","author":"J\u00f6rntell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.908429","article-title":"Thermal impact of an active 3-D microelectrode array implanted in the brain.","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/33141","article-title":"Cerebellar complex spikes encode both destinations and errors in arm movements.","volume":"392","author":"Kitazawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2006.884574","article-title":"Measuring the gap between FPGAs and ASICs.","volume":"26","author":"Kuon","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Design Integr. Circ. Syst."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.623552","article-title":"Real-time simulation of a cerebellar scaffold model on graphics processing units.","volume":"15","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9140-z","article-title":"Solving the mystery of the human cerebellum.","volume":"20","author":"Leiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.1998.694695","article-title":"Submarine pitch and depth control using FCMAC neural networks","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36207)"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90510-8","article-title":"Ipsilateral cerebellar lesions prevent learning of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane\/eyelid response.","volume":"242","author":"Lincoln","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3148739","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction following cerebellar stroke: Insights gained from neuropsychological and neuroimaging research.","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2460232","article-title":"Real-time simulation of passage-of-time encoding in cerebellum using a scalable FPGA-based system.","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circ. Syst."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008820","article-title":"A theory of cerebellar cortex.","volume":"202","author":"Marr","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1183","article-title":"Throwing while looking through prisms. I. Focal olivocerebellar lesions impair adaptation.","volume":"119","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210071","article-title":"Parametric adjustment in saccadic eye movements.","volume":"2","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5516","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-14-05516.2000","article-title":"Timing mechanisms in the cerebellum: Testing predictions of a large-scale computer simulation.","volume":"20","author":"Medina","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254642","article-title":"A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface.","volume":"345","author":"Merolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.56.5.1321","article-title":"Short-latency ocular following responses of monkey. I. Dependence on temporospatial properties of visual input.","volume":"56","author":"Miles","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01124.2002","article-title":"Effects of muscimol inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei on precision grip.","volume":"91","author":"Monz\u00e9e","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.1.290","article-title":"Stimulation of a restricted region in the midline cerebellar white matter evokes coordinated quadrupedal locomotion in the decerebrate cat.","volume":"82","author":"Mori","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63934-4","article-title":"Toward neuroprosthetic real-time communication from in silico to biological neuronal network via patterned optogenetic stimulation.","volume":"10","author":"Mosbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406606","article-title":"Behavior of floccular Purkinje cells correlated with adaptation of horizontal optokinetic eye movement response in pigmented rabbits.","volume":"73","author":"Nagao","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235249","article-title":"Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture.","volume":"26","author":"Nashner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2013.2294916","article-title":"Minitaur, an event-driven FPGA-based spiking network accelerator.","volume":"22","author":"Neil","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp016240","article-title":"Mossy fibres sending retinal-slip, eye, and head velocity signals to the flocculus of the monkey.","volume":"379","author":"Noda","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat3818","article-title":"Prosthesis with neuromorphic multilayered e-dermis perceives touch and pain.","volume":"3","author":"Osborn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00774","article-title":"Deep learning with spiking neurons: Opportunities and challenges.","volume":"12","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00131","article-title":"A bi-hemispheric neuronal network model of the cerebellum with spontaneous climbing fiber firing produces asymmetrical motor learning during robot control.","volume":"8","author":"Pinzon-Morales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2015.00018","article-title":"A realistic bi-hemispheric model of the cerebellum uncovers the purpose of the abundant granule cells during motor control.","volume":"9","author":"Pinzon-Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2012.00124","article-title":"Non-Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity in cerebellar circuits.","volume":"6","author":"Piochon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Characterization of tissue morphology, angiogenesis, and temperature in the adaptive response of muscle tissue to chronic heating.","volume":"78","author":"Seese","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13481","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10448003","article-title":"Efficient video and audio processing with Loihi 2","author":"Shrestha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2010.00012","article-title":"A realistic large-scale model of the cerebellum granular layer predicts circuit spatio-temporal filtering properties","volume":"4","author":"Solinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606","article-title":"Cerebellum and nonmotor function.","volume":"32","author":"Strick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002297","article-title":"Enhancement of both long-term depression induction and optokinetic response adaptation in mice lacking delphilin.","volume":"3","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6610","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5388-05.2006","article-title":"Malleability of spike-timing-dependent plasticity at the CA3-CA1 synapse.","volume":"26","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa98e9","article-title":"Real-time cerebellar neuroprosthetic system based on a spiking neural network model of motor learning.","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2020.00016","article-title":"Simulation of a human-scale cerebellar network model on the K computer.","volume":"14","author":"Yamaura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2023.3300318","article-title":"SNIB: Improving spike-based machine learning using nonlinear information bottleneck.","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13011","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3232231","article-title":"Smart traffic navigation system for fault-tolerant edge computing of internet of vehicle in intelligent transportation gateway.","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Trans. Syst."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3057070","article-title":"CerebelluMorphic: Large-scale neuromorphic model and architecture for supervised motor learning.","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0302510101","article-title":"Intracortical mechanism of stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity in visual cortical orientation tuning.","volume":"101","author":"Yao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237022","article-title":"Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit. I. Lesions of the cerebellar nuclei.","volume":"60","author":"Yeo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1220908\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:22:26Z","timestamp":1714004546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1220908\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2024.1220908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1220908","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.05.23.541669","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"article-number":"1220908"}}