{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:21:23Z","timestamp":1787026883294,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive impairment in visuospatial and perceptual function linked to atrophy of the occipito-parietal cortex. Besides the salient visual impairment, several studies have documented subtle changes in language may also be present. Sentence repetition is a highly constrained linguistic task involving multiple linguistic and cognitive processes and have been shown to be impaired in other AD spectrum disorders, with little consensus on its relevance in PCA. This aim of this study was to further delineate the linguistic and cognitive features of impaired language in PCA using a sentence repetition task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven PCA patients and 16 healthy controls verbally repeated 16 sentences from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Responses were transcribed orthographically and coded for accuracy (percentage accuracy; percentage Correct Information Units; Levenshtein Distance) and for temporal characteristics (preparation duration (ms); utterance duration (ms); silent pause duration (ms); speech duration (ms); dysfluency duration (ms)). The potential modulating effects of attentional control and working memory capacity were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCA patients showed lower overall accuracy with retained semantic content of the sentences, and lower phonological accuracy. Temporal measures revealed longer preparation and utterance duration for PCA patients compared to controls, alongside longer speech duration but comparable dysfluency duration. PCA patients also showed comparable silent pause duration to controls. Attentional control, measured using the Hayling sentence completion task, predicted accuracy of sentence repetition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that sentence repetition is impaired in PCA and is characterized by phonological, response planning and execution difficulties, underpinned in part by attentional control mechanisms. The emerging profile of language impairment in PCA suggests vulnerability of similar cognitive systems to other Alzheimer\u2019s syndromes, with subtle differences in clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1359186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T09:58:12Z","timestamp":1711015092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Secondary language impairment in posterior cortical atrophy: insights from sentence repetition"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Samrah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt269","article-title":"Connected speech as a marker of disease progression in autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease","volume":"136","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.07.005","article-title":"Lateral parietal contributions to memory impairment in posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1201","article-title":"Working memory: looking back and looking forward","volume":"4","author":"Baddeley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2009.05.004","article-title":"Working memory and binding in sentence recall","volume":"61","author":"Baddeley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520310107024","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Benson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Multilingual aphasia examination","author":"Benton","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707628","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.707628","article-title":"Connected speech characteristics of Bengali speakers with Alzheimer's disease: evidence for language-specific diagnostic markers","volume":"13","author":"Bose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.002","article-title":"Effects of utterance length on lip kinematics in aphasia","volume":"106","author":"Bose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02187-4","article-title":"Suitability of memory aids and strategies for people with posterior cortical atrophy: protocol for a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Burbaite","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00104-2","article-title":"Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions","volume":"34","author":"Burgess","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2459","article-title":"The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an attentional account","volume":"9","author":"Cabeza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.831","article-title":"Frontoparietal cortical networks for directing attention and the eye to visual locations: identical, independent, or overlapping neural systems?","volume":"95","author":"Corbetta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303309","article-title":"The language profile of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"84","author":"Crutch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.01.014","article-title":"Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"13","author":"Crutch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-CAC48-18-0210","article-title":"Temporal and episodic analyses of the story of Cinderella in latent aphasia","volume":"29","author":"Dede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Speech Lang. Pathol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm011","article-title":"Neural regions essential for distinct cognitive processes underlying picture naming","volume":"130","author":"Deleon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2006.05.007","article-title":"A case-series test of the interactive two-step model of lexical access: predicting word repetition from picture naming","volume":"56","author":"Dell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.5.443","article-title":"Posterior cortical dementia with alexia: neurobehavioural, MRI, and pet findings","volume":"54","author":"Freedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-16-0071","article-title":"Discourse characteristics in aphasia beyond the Western aphasia battery cutoff","volume":"26","author":"Fromm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Speech Lang. Pathol."},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"The assessment of aphasia and related disorders","author":"Goodglass","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000320506.79811.da","article-title":"The logopenic\/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"71","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10825","article-title":"Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"55","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.4.827","article-title":"Memory impairment on free and cued selective reminding predicts dementia","volume":"54","author":"Grober","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2161","article-title":"Global prevalence of young-onset dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Hendriks","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90104-T","article-title":"Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: failure of access or degraded knowledge?","volume":"30","author":"Hodges","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2017.1423271","article-title":"Sentence repetition deficits in the logopenic variant of PPA: linguistic analysis of longitudinal and cross-sectional data","volume":"32","author":"Hohlbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"The pyramids and palm trees","author":"Howard","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000351671","article-title":"Validation of the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination iii in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"36","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.919109","article-title":"Posterior parietal cortex and episodic retrieval: convergent and divergent effects of attention and memory","volume":"16","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13464","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231459498","article-title":"Spoken word production: a theory of lexical access","volume":"98","author":"Levelt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0396-6","article-title":"Towards a clearer definition of logopenic progressive aphasia","volume":"13","author":"Leyton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132468","article-title":"Verbal repetition in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"41","author":"Leyton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.019","article-title":"What do pauses in narrative production reveal about the nature of word retrieval deficits in PPA?","volume":"77","author":"Mack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6671-7","article-title":"Logopenic syndrome in posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"260","author":"Magnin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Sentence repetition","volume-title":"Assessing multilingual children disentangling bilingualism from language impairment","author":"Marinis","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d427","article-title":"Clinical syndromes associated with posterior atrophy: early age at onset ad spectrum","volume":"73","author":"Migliaccio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.023","article-title":"Working memory 2.0","volume":"100","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.2210","article-title":"A 63-year-old man with progressive visual symptoms","volume":"74","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.39.9.1159","article-title":"The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (Cerad). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00172","article-title":"Articulation speaks to executive function: an investigation in 4- to 6-year-olds","volume":"9","author":"Netelenbos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3602.338","article-title":"A system for quantifying the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of adults with aphasia","volume":"36","author":"Nicholas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/362342a0","article-title":"The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory","volume":"362","author":"Paulesu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0189","article-title":"Evaluation of three proposed markers for language impairment in English: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"57","author":"Pawlowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.383","article-title":"Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. A critical review","volume":"122","author":"Perry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.002","article-title":"Impaired semantic knowledge underlies the reduced verbal short-term storage capacity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"47","author":"Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390600733064","article-title":"A multicomponent exploration of verbal short-term storage deficits in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.04.010","article-title":"Executive dysfunction contributes to verbal encoding and retrieval deficits in posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"106","author":"Putcha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140290.80962.BF","article-title":"Progressive posterior cortical dysfunction: a clinicopathologic series","volume":"63","author":"Renner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"286","article-title":"Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy","volume":"28","author":"Rey","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-6984.2012.00158.x","article-title":"Sentence repetition in children with specific language impairment: an investigation of underlying mechanisms","volume":"47","author":"Riches","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/13682820802647676","article-title":"Sentence repetition in adolescents with specific language impairments and autism: an investigation of complex syntax","volume":"45","author":"Riches","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3390\/children8070578","article-title":"Sentence repetition tasks to detect and prevent language difficulties: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Rujas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2018.04.014","article-title":"Short-term memory span in aphasia: insights from speech-timing measures","volume":"48","author":"Salis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020230","article-title":"Sentence recall in latent and anomic aphasia: an exploratory study of semantics and syntax","volume":"11","author":"Salis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2014.01.004","article-title":"The mechanisms of working memory capacity: primary memory, secondary memory, and attention control","volume":"72","author":"Shipstead","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3905.1018","article-title":"Effects of length and linguistic complexity on temporal acoustic measures in apraxia of speech","volume":"39","author":"Strand","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140289.18472.15","article-title":"Clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic characteristics of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"63","author":"Tang-Wai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000516481","article-title":"Phonological errors in posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"50","author":"Tetzloff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101773","article-title":"Attention network dysfunction underlies memory impairment in posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"22","author":"Veldsman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Visual object and space perception battery","author":"Warrington","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Weschler","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq129","article-title":"Connected speech production in three variants of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"133","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1359186\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T09:58:20Z","timestamp":1711015100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1359186\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2024.1359186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1359186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"article-number":"1359186"}}