{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:12:19Z","timestamp":1784941939822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in gene regulation. Circulating miRNAs have been developed as novel candidate non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response for diseases. However, miRNAs that have causal effects on Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) remain largely unknown. To investigate the causal relationships between miRNAs and PD, here we conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study utilized the summary-level data of respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 2083 miRNAs and seven PD-related outcomes to comprehensively reveal the causal associations between the circulating miRNAs and PD. Two-sample MR design was deployed and the causal effects were estimated with inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Comprehensively sensitive analyses were followed, including Cochran\u2019s <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, to validate the robustness of our results. Finally, we investigated the potential role of the MR significant miRNAs by predicting their target genes and functional enrichment analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inverse variance weighted estimates suggested that two miRNAs, miR-205-5p (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.46, 95%CI: \u22120.690 to \u22120.229, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) and miR-6800-5p (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.389, 95%CI: \u22120.575 to \u22120.202, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.32\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>), significantly decreased the rate of cognitive decline among PD patients. In addition, eight miRNAs were nominally associated with more than three PD-related outcomes each. No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the targets of these causal miRNAs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, apoptotic, and aging pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This MR study identified two miRNAs whose genetically regulated expression might have a causal role in the development of PD dementia. Our findings provided potential miRNA biomarkers to make better and early diagnoses and risk assessments of PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1385675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T04:35:51Z","timestamp":1714710951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Systematic genome-wide Mendelian randomization reveals the causal links between miRNAs and Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Guolin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000557","article-title":"Genome-wide association study Meta-analysis for Parkinson disease motor subtypes","volume":"7","author":"Alfradique-Dunham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. 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