{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:30:10Z","timestamp":1780471810830,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deletion or mutation of members of the spectrin gene family contributes to many neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. While each spectrinopathy may generate distinct neuropathology, the study of \u03b2\u0399 spectrin\u2019s role (<jats:italic>Sptb<\/jats:italic>) in the brain has been hampered by the hematologic consequences of its loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jaundiced mice (<jats:italic>ja\/ja<\/jats:italic>) that lack \u03b2\u0399 spectrin suffer a rapidly fatal hemolytic anemia. We have used exchange transfusion of newborn <jats:italic>ja\/ja<\/jats:italic> mice to blunt their hemolytic pathology, enabling an examination of \u03b2\u0399 spectrin deficiency in the mature mouse brain by ultrastructural and biochemical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b2\u0399 spectrin is widely utilized throughout the brain as the \u03b2\u0399\u03a32 isoform; it appears by postnatal day 8, and concentrates in the CA1,3 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, cerebellar granule layer, cortical layer 2, medial habenula, and ventral thalamus. It is present in a subset of dendrites and absent in white matter. Without \u03b2\u0399 spectrin there is a 20% reduction in postsynaptic density size in the granule layer of the cerebellum, a selective loss of ankyrinR in cerebellar granule neurons, and a reduction in the level of the postsynaptic adhesion molecule NCAM. While we find no substitution of another spectrin for \u03b2\u0399 at dendrites or synapses, there is curiously enhanced \u03b2\u0399V spectrin expression in the <jats:italic>ja\/ja<\/jats:italic> brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b2\u0399\u03a32 spectrin appears to be essential for refining postsynaptic structures through interactions with ankyrinR and NCAM. We speculate that it may play additional roles yet to be discovered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1415115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1722919495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The loss of \u03b2\u0399 spectrin alters synaptic size and composition in the ja\/ja mouse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Stankewich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luanne L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon S.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Allen Mouse Brain Atlas [dataset] [Online]","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1434","article-title":"The exon-intron organization of the human erythroid beta-spectrin gene","volume":"18","author":"Amin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"691","article-title":"The postsynaptic spectrin\/4.1 membrane protein \"accumulation machine\"","volume":"6","author":"Baines","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(00)00491-4","article-title":"Amelioration of severe hereditary spherocytosis in nonablated adult mice by marrow transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Barker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.151.5.985","article-title":"betaIV spectrin, a new spectrin localized at axon initial segments and nodes of ranvier in the central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"151","author":"Berghs","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-101-25089","article-title":"Implantation of normal bloodforming tissue in genetically anemic mice, without x-irradiation of host","volume":"101","author":"Bernstein","year":"1959","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.10099","article-title":"The murine mutation jaundiced is caused by replacement of an arginine with a stop codon in the mRNA encoding the ninth repeat of beta-spectrin","volume":"91","author":"Bloom","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90408-2","article-title":"Spectrin deficient inherited hemolytic anemias in the mouse: characterization by spectrin synthesis and mRNA activity in reticulocytes","volume":"37","author":"Bodine","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240370305","article-title":"Phosphorylation of ankyrin down-regulates its cooperative interaction with spectrin and protein 3","volume":"37","author":"Cianci","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00886-z","article-title":"Pathogenic SPTBN1 variants cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Cousin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.13.2331","article-title":"Spectrin tethers and mesh in the biosynthetic pathway","volume":"113","author":"De Matteis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3520-16.2017","article-title":"\u03b2III Spectrin is necessary for formation of the constricted neck of dendritic spines and regulation of synaptic activity in neurons","volume":"37","author":"Efimova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"85","article-title":"Update on the clinical spectrum and genetics of red blood cell membrane disorders","volume":"3","author":"Gallagher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Rep."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3332-11.2011","article-title":"beta-III spectrin is critical for development of purkinje cell dendritic tree and spine morphogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3859","article-title":"A hierarchy of ankyrin-spectrin complexes clusters sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier","volume":"17","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1728","article-title":"Spectrin mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5","volume":"38","author":"Ikeda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.11.4610","article-title":"Thrombosis and secondary hemochromatosis play major roles in the pathogenesis of jaundiced and spherocytic mice, murine models for hereditary spherocytosis","volume":"90","author":"Kaysser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04316.x","article-title":"GAP-43 regulates NCAM-180-mediated neurite outgrowth","volume":"100","author":"Korshunova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-09-03725.1993","article-title":"Postmitotic expression of ankyrinR and beta R-spectrin in discrete neuronal populations of the rat brain","volume":"13","author":"Lambert","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05453","article-title":"Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain","volume":"445","author":"Lein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2328","article-title":"Membrane recognition by phospholipid-binding domains","volume":"9","author":"Lemmon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200303020","article-title":"Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) association with PKC{beta}2 via {beta}I spectrin is implicated in NCAM-mediated neurite outgrowth","volume":"161","author":"Leshchyns'ka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003074","article-title":"Recessive mutations in SPTBN2 implicate beta-III spectrin in both cognitive and motor development","volume":"8","author":"Lise","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56629","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56629","article-title":"\u03b2 spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na(+) channel clustering","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52378","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52378","article-title":"Nodal \u03b2 spectrins are required to maintain Na(+) channel clustering and axon integrity","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00674-6","article-title":"Spectrins: molecular organizers and targets of neurological disorders","volume":"24","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"463","article-title":"Hemolytic anemias associated with deficient or dysfunctional spectrin","volume":"30","author":"Lux","year":"1979","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.05.002","article-title":"Spectrins: a structural platform for stabilization and activation of membrane channels, receptors and transporters","volume":"1838","author":"Machnicka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.106.1.67","article-title":"The 270 kDa splice variant of erythrocyte b-spectrin (bIS2) segregates in vivo and in vitro to specific domains of cerebellar neurons","volume":"106","author":"Malchiodi-Albedi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1063(2000)10:5<555::aid-hipo5>3.0.co;2-z","article-title":"Actin dynamics in dendritic spines: a form of regulated plasticity at excitatory synapses","volume":"10","author":"Matus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86470-1","article-title":"Age-dependent ataxia and neurodegeneration caused by an \u03b1II spectrin mutation with impaired regulation of its calpain sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Miazek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"131","article-title":"The spread of Spectrin in Ataxia and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"2","author":"Morrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2022.09.013","article-title":"Expanding SPTAN1 monoallelic variant associated disorders: from epileptic encephalopathy to pure spastic paraplegia and ataxia","volume":"25","author":"Morsy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00165-4","article-title":"Dynactin-dependent, dynein-driven vesicle transport in the absence of membrane proteins: a role for spectrin and acidic phospholipids","volume":"7","author":"Muresan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016197","article-title":"The actin binding domain of \u03b2I-spectrin regulates the morphological and functional dynamics of dendritic spines","volume":"6","author":"Nestor","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt228","article-title":"The giant spectrin \u03b2V couples the molecular motors to phototransduction and usher syndrome type I proteins along their trafficking route","volume":"22","author":"Papal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.114.6.1233","article-title":"Purkinje cell degeneration associated with erythroid ankyrin deficiency in nb\/nb mice","volume":"114","author":"Peters","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00450-0","article-title":"The presynaptic particle web: ultrastructure, composition, dissolution, and reconstitution","volume":"32","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.6.2088","article-title":"Brain spectrin (240\/235) and brain spectrin (240\/235E): two distinct spectrin subtypes with different locations within mammalian neural cells","volume":"102","author":"Riederer","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26725","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26725","article-title":"Multicolour multilevel STED nanoscopy of actin\/Spectrin Organization at Synapses","volume":"6","author":"Sidenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1202","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00273.2008","article-title":"Ankyrin facilitates intracellular trafficking of alpha1-Na+-K+-ATPase in polarized cells","volume":"295","author":"Stabach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21385","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000159200","article-title":"Identification and characterization of bV Spectrin, a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila beta H spectrin","volume":"275","author":"Stabach","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184291","article-title":"The structure of the ankyrin-binding site of beta-spectrin reveals how tandem spectrin-repeats generate unique ligand-binding properties","volume":"113","author":"Stabach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108564","article-title":"Outer hair cell function is normal in \u03b2V spectrin knockout mice","volume":"423","author":"Stankewich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.080374","article-title":"Cell organization, growth, and neural and cardiac development require alphaII-spectrin","volume":"124","author":"Stankewich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001522107","article-title":"Targeted deletion of betaIII spectrin impairs synaptogenesis and generates ataxic and seizure phenotypes","volume":"107","author":"Stankewich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02751","article-title":"Human Sec31B: a family of new mammalian orthologues of yeast Sec31p that associate with the COPII coat","volume":"119","author":"Stankewich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14158","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14158","article-title":"A widely expressed betaIII spectrin associated with Golgi and cytoplasmic vesicles","volume":"95","author":"Stankewich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66491","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66491","article-title":"Ankyrin-R regulates fast-spiking interneuron excitability through perineuronal nets and Kv3.1b K(+) channels","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2021.01.002","article-title":"Ankyrins and neurological disease","volume":"69","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200604145","article-title":"NCAM promotes assembly and activity-dependent remodeling of the postsynaptic signaling complex","volume":"174","author":"Sytnyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)80522-x","article-title":"Differential regulation of exocytosis by calcium and CAPS in semi-intact synaptosomes","volume":"21","author":"Tandon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075994","article-title":"Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in ELF beta-spectrin-deficient mice","volume":"299","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417989112","article-title":"Giant ankyrin-G stabilizes somatodendritic GABAergic synapses through opposing endocytosis of GABAA receptors","volume":"112","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28959","article-title":"De novo and dominantly inherited SPTAN1 mutations cause spastic paraplegia and cerebellar Ataxia","volume":"37","author":"Van de Vondel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1117","article-title":"The lethal hemolytic mutation in bIS2 Spectrin Providence yields a null phenotype in neonatal skeletal muscle","volume":"74","author":"Weed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890180206","article-title":"Properties of inhibitory and excitatory synapses between hippocampal neurons in very low density cultures","volume":"18","author":"Wilcox","year":"1994","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)30525-2","article-title":"Beta spectrin in human skeletal muscle. Tissue-specific differential processing of 3\u2032 beta spectrin pre-mRNA generates a beta spectrin isoform with a unique carboxyl terminus","volume":"265","author":"Winkelmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38332","article-title":"Progressive SCAR14 with unclear speech, developmental delay, tremor, and behavioral problems caused by a homozygous deletion of the SPTBN2 pleckstrin homology domain","volume":"173","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00304","article-title":"Developmental changes in expression of \u03b2IV Spectrin splice variants at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier","volume":"10","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34248-0","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies as probes of domain structure of the spectrin alpha subunit","volume":"257","author":"Yurchenco","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-10-02977.1986","article-title":"Spectrin subtypes in mammalian brain: an immunoelectron microscopic study","volume":"6","author":"Zagon","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.6.1645","article-title":"Dynamic molecular modeling of pathogenic mutations in the spectrin self-association domain","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30720-x","article-title":"Proteomic and functional analyses of the periodic membrane skeleton in neurons","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91030-I","article-title":"Developmental expression of brain b-specrin isoform messenger RNAs","volume":"594","author":"Zimmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1415115\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T04:45:02Z","timestamp":1722919502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1415115\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2024.1415115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1415115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"article-number":"1415115"}}