{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:46:22Z","timestamp":1793306782718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia globally, having a pathophysiology that is complex and multifactorial. Recent findings highlight the significant role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in the molecular mechanisms underlying AD. These ncRNAs are involved in critical biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and autophagy, which are pivotal in AD development and progression. This systematic review aims to consolidate current scientific knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in AD, making it the first to encompass the four types of ncRNAs associated with the disease. Our comprehensive search and analysis reveal that ncRNAs not only play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD but also hold potential as biomarkers for its early detection and as novel therapeutic targets. Specifically, the findings underscore the significance of miRNAs in regulating genes involved in key AD pathways such as activin receptor signaling pathway, actomyosin contractile ring organization, and advanced glycation endproducts-receptor advanced glycation endproducts (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway. This review also highlights the potential of ncRNAs in unveiling novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need for further research to validate their clinical utility. Our systematic exploration provides a foundation for future bioinformatic analyses and the development of ncRNA-based precision medicine approaches for AD, offering new insights into the disease\u2019s molecular pathology and paving the way for innovative treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PROSPERO,\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , CRD42022355307.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T13:21:08Z","timestamp":1719580868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Non-coding RNAs involved in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Reynand Jay","family":"Canoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenica Clarisse","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Deo","family":"Deguit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin Bridgette","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyoneil James","family":"Dimaapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice Gabrielle","family":"Panlaqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzel","family":"Perian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Mark","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus Emmanuel","family":"Sevilleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016","article-title":"2023 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref2","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2021-0033","article-title":"Effects of exercise in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses","volume":"30","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043754","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an updated overview of its genetics","volume":"24","author":"Andrade-Guerrero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.709568","article-title":"The perspective of dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Asadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102726","article-title":"Cofilin and actin dynamics: multiple modes of regulation and their impacts in neuronal development and degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Bamburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110458","article-title":"Review and Meta-analysis of biomarkers and diagnostic imaging in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Bloudek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0233-3","article-title":"Role of RAGE in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0824-3","article-title":"MicroRNA-195 rescues ApoE4-induced cognitive deficits and lysosomal defects in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"181","article-title":"hsa_circ_0006916 exerts effect on amyloid Beta-induced neuron injury by targeting miR-217\/HOMER1","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.11.012","article-title":"Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"215","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2023.2203616","article-title":"Plasma long non-coding RNAs ASMTL-AS1, AP001363.1, AC005730.3 and AL133415.1 as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00735-x","article-title":"Identification and validation of endogenous control miRNAs in plasma samples for normalization of qPCR data for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Dakterzada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329136","article-title":"Cognitive and neuropsychiatric effects of noradrenergic treatment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"David","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2764-5","article-title":"Stem cells from human apical papilla decrease neuro-inflammation and stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation via activin-a secretion","volume":"75","author":"De Berdt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.08.031","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: an umbrella review of intervention and observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Demurtas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200602","article-title":"Distinct expression of the neurotoxic microRNA family let-7 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Derkow","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40781-018-0183-7","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA: its evolutionary relics and biological implications in mammals: a review","volume":"60","author":"Dhanoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-09021-z","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current knowledge of signaling pathways and therapeutics","volume":"51","author":"Dhapola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104614","article-title":"LncRNA BDNF-AS AS ceRNA regulates the miR-9-5p\/BACE1 pathway affecting neurotoxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7407.128","article-title":"Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"327","author":"Etminan","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-1008-x","article-title":"Plasma long non-coding RNA BACE1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.11.008","article-title":"Neurostructural predictors of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of VBM studies","volume":"32","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac544.2945","article-title":"LncRNA BACE1-AS: a link between heart failure and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Greco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824495","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.824495","article-title":"LncRNA RP11-59J16.2 aggravates apoptosis and increases tau phosphorylation by targeting MCM2 in AD","volume":"13","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12251","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12251","article-title":"Plasma microRNA vary in association with the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Gu\u00e9vremont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26547-6","article-title":"SIRT1, miR-132 and miR-212 link human longevity to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Hadar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.11.009","article-title":"MicroRNA regulation of Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid precursor protein expression","volume":"33","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00013","article-title":"Diagnostic value of microRNA for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00028","article-title":"Depletion of LncRNA NEAT1 rescues mitochondrial dysfunction through NEDD4L-dependent PINK1 degradation in animal models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs165","article-title":"Evolution of the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and economic model\u2020","volume":"42","author":"Hyde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1463","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Idda","year":"2018","journal-title":"WIREs RNA"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0579-2","article-title":"A combined miRNA\u2013piRNA signature to detect Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7512.321","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors for patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review of randomised clinical trials","volume":"331","author":"Kaduszkiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2023.101203","article-title":"Hsa-let-7g-5p, a circulating microRNA, as a biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Kafshdooz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Informat Med Unlock."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.04.050","article-title":"HuD regulates coding and noncoding RNA to induce APP\u2192A\u03b2 processing","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190585","article-title":"Cofilin, a master node regulating cytoskeletal pathogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"72","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.7.640","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 aggravates A\u03b2-induced neuronal damage by targeting miR-107 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"60","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.08.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of microglia accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: therapeutic implications","volume":"29","author":"Khoury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13507","article-title":"miR-186 is decreased in aged brain and suppresses BACE1 expression","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020306","article-title":"Network regulation of microRNA biogenesis and target interaction","volume":"12","author":"Komatsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0158-7","article-title":"The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs","volume":"20","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.06.001","article-title":"Are circulating microRNAs peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"1862","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00041","article-title":"MicroRNA-455-3p as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an update","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Downregulated miR-29c correlates with increased BACE1 expression in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R78","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-7-r78","article-title":"A blood based 12-miRNA signature of Alzheimer disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Leidinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.859349","article-title":"Activin a secreted from peripheral nerve fibroblasts promotes proliferation and migration of Schwann cells","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.02.016","article-title":"Targeting lncRNA NEAT1 hampers Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"529","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2020.105747","article-title":"Circular RNA expression profile of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its clinical significance as biomarkers for the disease risk and progression","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937486","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.937486","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias, 1990\u20132019","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14476","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14476","article-title":"NcRNAs: A synergistically antiapoptosis therapeutic tool in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180051","article-title":"miR-15b reduces amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation in SH-SY5Y cell line through targetting NF-\u03baB signaling and BACE1","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00032","article-title":"Activin signaling in the pathogenesis and therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"9","author":"Link","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8076","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908076","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs as novel regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256537","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1256537","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112681","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets","volume":"148","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255979","article-title":"miR-15b-5p targeting amyloid precursor protein is involved in the anti-amyloid eflect of curcumin in swAPP695-HEK293 cells","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307719","article-title":"APOE genotype and neuroimaging markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8523","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201910_19166","article-title":"MicroRNA-132 promotes neurons cell apoptosis and activates tau phosphorylation by targeting GTDC-1 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-022-00947-4","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human health and disease: potential function as biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Loganathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genomics"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: an update on pathobiology and treatment strategies","volume":"179","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1771","article-title":"Plasma nutrient status of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lopes da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11454-8","article-title":"Effects of physical activity and exercise interventions on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses","volume":"270","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153331752110217","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175211021712","article-title":"Analysis of serum miRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323497","article-title":"Anti-A\u03b2 agents for mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3280148e8b","article-title":"Micro-RNA speciation in fetal, adult and Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus","volume":"18","author":"Lukiw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107037","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"014","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains for aging genetic factors","volume":"4","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jacobs J Genet."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53889-1_18","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and ncRNAs","volume-title":"Neuroepigenomics in aging and disease [internet]","author":"Maoz","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group* under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000687","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer disease and its variants","volume":"25","author":"Mendez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/929042","article-title":"Knockdown of BACE1-AS nonprotein-coding transcript modulates Beta-amyloid-related hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"2011","author":"Modarresi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.06.015","article-title":"Nutritional strategies in the Management of Alzheimer Disease: systematic review with network Meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mu\u00f1oz Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref75","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020195","article-title":"Epigenetics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Nikolac Perkovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.617281","article-title":"Insights into the role of CircRNAs: biogenesis, characterization, functional, and clinical impact in human malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Nisar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2016.02.009","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210191","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1210191","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as potential biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Noor Eddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12498","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512498","article-title":"Roles of non-coding RNA in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology","volume":"24","author":"Olufunmilayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191337","article-title":"Associations of infectious agents with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00912-x","article-title":"Circ_0003611 acts as a miR-885-5p sponge to aggravate the amyloid-\u03b2-induced neuronal injury in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-016-0799-4","article-title":"Activin a secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells induces neuronal development and neurite outgrowth in an in vitro model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: neurogenesis induced by MSCs via activin a","volume":"39","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2015.33","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of miR-15\/107 family members as multifactorial drug targets for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Parsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic acids"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2022.5208","article-title":"Role of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and the application of omics technologies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (review)","volume":"51","author":"Pierouli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180364","article-title":"Circulating miR-127-3p as a potential biomarker for differential diagnosis in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"65","author":"Piscopo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03553-4","article-title":"AGE\u2013RAGE stress: a changing landscape in pathology and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"459","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.020","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2019.07.018","article-title":"Identification of molecular signatures and pathways to identify novel therapeutic targets in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights from a systems biomedicine perspective","volume":"112","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MB00699J","article-title":"Small RNA sequencing revealed dysregulated piRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and their probable role in pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku631","article-title":"The multiMiR R package and database: integration of microRNA\u2013target interactions along with their disease and drug associations","volume":"42","author":"Ru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157818","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1157818","article-title":"Role of piRNA biogenesis and its neuronal function in the development of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"15","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"Scheltens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610223000509","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Seath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0281784","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281784","article-title":"Circulating long non-coding RNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Shobeiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0211-2","article-title":"Assessing the quality of published genetic association studies in meta-analyses: the quality of genetic studies (Q-genie) tool","volume":"16","author":"Sohani","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00865-1","article-title":"Circular RNA Cwc27 contributes to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis by repressing Pur-\u03b1 activity","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"glw251","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw251","article-title":"Physical activity and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Stephen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol Series A."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1500-y","article-title":"Systematic review of miRNA as biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein\u2013protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Actin: Structure, function and disease","author":"Torres Cleuren","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523220666201123112822","article-title":"Molecular genetics of early- and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12901","article-title":"The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019","volume":"19","author":"Wimo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref105","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147622","article-title":"CircLPAR1\/miR-212-3p\/ZNF217 feedback loop promotes amyloid \u03b2-induced neuronal injury in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1770","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150619","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00627-0","article-title":"Differential blood miRNA expression in brain amyloid imaging-defined Alzheimer\u2019s disease and controls","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147177","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1147177","article-title":"Effect of nutrition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Xu Lou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/01677063.2022.2028784","article-title":"lncRNA XIST induces A\u03b2 accumulation and neuroinflammation by the epigenetic repression of NEP in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01476-z","article-title":"Differential expression of MicroRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11263","article-title":"Silencing of long noncoding RNA XIST attenuated Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related BACE1 alteration through miR-124","volume":"44","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2016.1155572","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and diet: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Yusufov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2019.04.001","article-title":"BACE1-AS prevents BACE1 mRNA degradation through the sequestration of BACE1-targeting miRNAs","volume":"98","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150813142956","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2018-0341","article-title":"Blood circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.691512","article-title":"The emerging role of circular RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.654978","article-title":"The role of non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from regulated mechanism to therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6359","article-title":"Knockdown of BACE1-AS by siRNA improves memory and learning behaviors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/genes7120116","article-title":"Deficiency in the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2A in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is linked to deficits in a natural circular miRNA-7 sponge (circRNA; ciRS-7)","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.069","article-title":"The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1515\/nf-2016-A058","article-title":"Role of activin in cognitive functions, affective behavior and neuronal survival","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"e-Neuroforum"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001118","article-title":"MiR-16 attenuates \u03b2-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity through targeting \u03b2-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease cell model","volume":"29","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.05.018","article-title":"MicroRNA-195 downregulates Alzheimer\u2019s disease amyloid-\u03b2 production by targeting BACE1","volume":"88","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141377","article-title":"Physiotherapy intervention in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041113","article-title":"State of the art of microRNAs signatures as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zotarelli-Filho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T13:21:16Z","timestamp":1719580876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":126,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"article-number":"1421675"}}