{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:57:33Z","timestamp":1785430653224,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA039865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA039865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA046346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA041872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA041872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA039841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA039841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA042886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA042886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH106460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH106460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA046117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA055064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA055064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L60DA054665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L60DA054665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions. Here, we hypothesized that adolescent CRD would have a greater effect on psychiatric-related behaviors, relative to adult disruption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the long-term behavioral and neurobiological effects of CRD during early adolescence by exposing mice to 12 h shifts in the light\/dark cycle. Adult mice were exposed to the same CRD paradigm. Behavior testing began approximately 4 weeks later for both groups. To identify possible mechanisms, we also measured gene expression in brain regions relevant to circadian rhythms, mood and reward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD during early adolescence, but not adulthood, persistently increased exploratory drive (risk-taking behavior) and cocaine preference when tested later in life. Interestingly, we found sex differences when intravenous cocaine self-administration was tested. While female mice with a history of adolescent CRD had a greater propensity to self-administer cocaine, as well as increased motivation and cue-induced reinstatement, male adolescent CRD mice had reduced motivation and extinction responding. Importantly, we found that transcripts in the SCN were affected by adolescent CRD and these were largely distinct across sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, adolescent CRD in mice caused persistent increases in risky behavior, cocaine reward and cocaine self-administration, which suggests that CRD during adolescence may predispose individuals toward substance use disorders. Future research is required to elucidate how adolescent CRD affects behaviors relevant to mood-and substance use-related disorders across the 24-h day, as well as to identify intervention strategies to alleviate disruption during adolescence and novel therapeutic approaches once symptoms have begun.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1478508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:18:34Z","timestamp":1734329914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"DePoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea A.","family":"Vadnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn A.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RuoFei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross C.","family":"Matthaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Juarez","family":"Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callie I.","family":"Kampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen A.","family":"McClung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142039099","article-title":"Cocaine sensitization and reward are under the influence of circadian genes and rhythm","volume":"99","author":"Abarca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.005","article-title":"Neurobiological consequences of juvenile stress: A GABAergic perspective on risk and resilience","volume":"74","author":"Albrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11335-0","article-title":"Early life circadian rhythm disruption in mice alters brain and behavior in adulthood","volume":"12","author":"Ameen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5430.1066","article-title":"Requirement of circadian genes for cocaine sensitization in Drosophila","volume":"285","author":"Andretic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00207-5","article-title":"Characterization of cocaine Self-administration and pharmacokinetics as a function of time of day in the rat","volume":"65","author":"Baird","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00464","article-title":"PER1 rs3027172 genotype interacts with early life stress to predict problematic alcohol use, but not reward-related ventral striatum activity","volume":"7","author":"Baranger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.002","article-title":"A length polymorphism in the circadian clock gene Per3 influences age at onset of bipolar disorder","volume":"445","author":"Benedetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20038","article-title":"Influence of CLOCK gene polymorphism on circadian mood fluctuation and illness recurrence in bipolar depression","author":"Benedetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0237-16.2016","article-title":"Circadian forced Desynchrony of the master clock leads to phenotypic manifestation of depression in rats","volume":"3","author":"Ben-Hamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32216","article-title":"Comparing the utility of homogeneous subtypes of cocaine use and related behaviors with DSM-IV cocaine dependence as traits for genetic association analysis","volume":"165","author":"Bi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059136","article-title":"Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults","volume":"8","author":"Blomeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13040054","article-title":"Sox2 ablation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus perturbs anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors","volume":"13","author":"Boehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000018","article-title":"Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Boergers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418694","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1418694","article-title":"Effects of chronic light cycle disruption during adolescence on circadian clock, neuronal activity rhythms, and behavior in mice","volume":"18","author":"Bonilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2022.2117050","article-title":"Later school start time is associated with better academic performance, sleep-wake rhythm characteristics, and eating behavior","volume":"39","author":"Borisenkov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.05.012","article-title":"Exposure to dim light at night during early development increases adult anxiety-like responses","volume":"133","author":"Borniger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.1.78","article-title":"Synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of Rhesus monkeys","volume":"4","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100337","article-title":"Chronic circadian phase advance in male mice induces depressive-like responses and suppresses neuroimmune activation","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. - Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113171","article-title":"Light at night during development in mice has modest effects on adulthood behavior and neuroimmune activation","volume":"405","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304221125363","article-title":"Exposure to circadian disruption during adolescence interacts with a genetic risk factor to modify schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"37","author":"Cloutier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythm."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112199","article-title":"A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence","volume":"9","author":"Crowley","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00080.x","article-title":"PRECLINICAL STUDY: effects of chronic stress on nicotine-induced locomotor activity and corticosterone release in adult and adolescent rats","volume":"13","author":"Cruz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1830-20.2020","article-title":"Circadian- and sex-dependent increases in intravenous cocaine self-administration in <em>Npas2<\/em> mutant mice","volume":"41","author":"DePoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5720842","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of circadian regulation of natural and drug reward","volume":"2017","author":"DePoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111579","article-title":"Effects of the circadian rhythm gene period 1 (Per1) on psychosocial stress-induced alcohol drinking","volume":"168","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3845-2","article-title":"Effects of circadian disruption on methamphetamine consumption in methamphetamine-exposed rats","volume":"232","author":"Doyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00002.x","article-title":"The circadian clock mutation increases exploratory activity and escape-seeking behavior","volume":"2","author":"Easton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.04.009","article-title":"Circadian misalignment in major depressive disorder","volume":"168","author":"Emens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.054","article-title":"A role for the circadian genes in drug addiction","volume":"56","author":"Falc\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123314","article-title":"Disruption of circadian rhythms by ambient light during neurodevelopment leads to autistic-like molecular and behavioral alterations in adult mice","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.004","article-title":"Light affects mood and learning through distinct retina-brain pathways","volume":"175","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259652","article-title":"Dysrhythmia in the suprachiasmatic nucleus inhibits memory processing","volume":"346","author":"Fernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.07.001","article-title":"Influence of light at night on murine anxiety- and depressive-like responses","volume":"205","author":"Fonken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.10.012","article-title":"PER2 rs2304672 polymorphism moderates circadian-relevant reward circuitry activity in adolescents","volume":"71","author":"Forbes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44931-9","article-title":"Delaying circadian sleep phase under ultradian light cycle causes time-of-day-dependent alteration of cognition and mood","volume":"13","author":"Fuchs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00152","article-title":"Alcohol intake increases in adolescent C57BL\/6J mice during intermittent cycles of phase-delayed, Long-light conditions","volume":"11","author":"Gamsby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.04.016","article-title":"The circadian Per1 and Per2 genes influence alcohol intake, reinforcement, and blood alcohol levels","volume":"249","author":"Gamsby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.6.908","article-title":"Activity and attention in zinc-deprived adolescent monkeys","volume":"64","author":"Golub","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.114216","article-title":"Circadian rhythm shifts and alcohol access in adolescence synergistically increase alcohol preference and intake in adulthood in male C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"438","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2730-11.2012","article-title":"Arg kinase regulates prefrontal dendritic spine refinement and cocaine-induced plasticity","volume":"32","author":"Gourley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216619","article-title":"Chronotype mediates gender differences in risk propensity and risk-taking","volume":"14","author":"Gowen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.03.001","article-title":"Changes in circadian rhythms during puberty in Rattus norvegicus: developmental time course and gonadal dependency","volume":"60","author":"Hagenauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"ref9021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2016.77.649","article-title":"Restless sleep and variable sleep timing during late childhood accelerate the onset of alcohol and other drug involvement","volume":"77","author":"Hasler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.02.024","article-title":"Eveningness among late adolescent males predicts neural reactivity to reward and alcohol dependence 2 years later","volume":"327","author":"Hasler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R586","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00043.2006","article-title":"Gonadal hormone effects on entrained and free-running circadian activity rhythms in the developing diurnal rodent Octodon degus","volume":"292","author":"Hummer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex","volume":"387","author":"Huttenlocher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.04.034","article-title":"Forced desynchronization of dual circadian oscillators within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"14","author":"Iglesia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbscr.2024.100103","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on photoperiod modulation of nucleus accumbens monoamine content and release in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"16","author":"Jameson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Sleep Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300121","article-title":"Circadian clock-related polymorphisms in seasonal affective disorder and their relevance to diurnal preference","volume":"28","author":"Johansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00188-4","article-title":"Stress during adolescence alters behavioral sensitization to amphetamine","volume":"113","author":"Kabbaj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018375108","article-title":"Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior","volume":"108","author":"Karatsoreos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700784R","article-title":"Shift work cycle-induced alterations of circadian rhythms potentiate the effects of high-fat diet on inflammation and metabolism","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R271","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl207","article-title":"Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"15","author":"Ko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21716","article-title":"Dendritic remodeling in the adolescent medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala of male and female rats","volume":"68","author":"Koss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13085","article-title":"Depression-like behaviour in mice is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms in nucleus accumbens and periaqueductal grey","volume":"43","author":"Landgraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16447","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3070-11.2011","article-title":"Overexpression of CREB in the nucleus Accumbens Shell increases cocaine reinforcement in Self-administering rats","volume":"31","author":"Larson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9407","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009407","article-title":"CRY2 is associated with depression","volume":"5","author":"Lavebratt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11673","article-title":"Aberrant light directly impairs mood and learning through melanopsin-expressing neurons","volume":"491","author":"LeGates","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.09.002","article-title":"Depressive disorders may more commonly be related to circadian phase delays rather than advances: time will tell","volume":"11","author":"Lewy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036268","article-title":"Circadian rhythms and addiction: mechanistic insights and future directions","volume":"128","author":"Logan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00756.x","article-title":"Association study of 21 circadian genes with bipolar I disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Mansour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.02.003","article-title":"Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders","volume":"114","author":"McClung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.12.012","article-title":"Locomotor activity to nicotine and Fos immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in adolescent socially-stressed rats","volume":"86","author":"McCormick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9256-1-7","article-title":"Circadian and behavioural responses to shift work-like schedules of light\/dark in the mouse","volume":"1","author":"McGowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.061","article-title":"Circadian preference links to depression in general adult population","volume":"188","author":"Merikanto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000362328","article-title":"The developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation during adolescence","volume":"36","author":"Mills","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.02.013","article-title":"Adverse effects of circadian disorganization on mood and molecular rhythms in the prefrontal cortex of mice","volume":"432","author":"Otsuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.96","article-title":"Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior","volume":"164","author":"Owens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.138","article-title":"The role of clock in ethanol-related behaviors","volume":"38","author":"Ozburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.030","article-title":"Direct regulation of diurnal Drd3 expression and cocaine reward by NPAS2","volume":"77","author":"Ozburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00360","article-title":"NPAS2 regulation of anxiety-like behavior and GABAA receptors","volume":"10","author":"Ozburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2704-2","article-title":"Cocaine self-administration behaviors in Clock\u039419 mice","volume":"223","author":"Ozburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2233-18.2019","article-title":"Cell-type-specific regulation of nucleus Accumbens synaptic plasticity and cocaine reward sensitivity by the circadian protein, NPAS2","volume":"39","author":"Parekh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00187","article-title":"Circadian mechanisms underlying reward-related neurophysiology and synaptic plasticity","volume":"6","author":"Parekh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9784-5","article-title":"Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use","volume":"41","author":"Pasch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of youth and adolescence"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00965","article-title":"Coordination of circadian timing in mammals","volume":"418","author":"Reppert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113453","article-title":"Fragmented day-night cycle induces period lengthening, lowered anxiety, and anhedonia in male mice","volume":"413","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00083-2","article-title":"Patterns of cocaine self-administration in rats produced by various access conditions under a discrete trials procedure","volume":"67","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35898-8","article-title":"Circadian desynchronization disrupts physiological rhythms of prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in mice","volume":"13","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.11.039","article-title":"A marker for the end of adolescence","volume":"14","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6406","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609625104","article-title":"Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK","volume":"104","author":"Roybal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.10.017","article-title":"Time of day alters long-term sensitization to cocaine in rats","volume":"1065","author":"Sleipness","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90207-2","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in depression and recovery: evidence for blunted amplitude as the main chronobiological abnormality","volume":"28","author":"Sou\u00eatre","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00014-2","article-title":"The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations","volume":"24","author":"Spear","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2307\/1130361","article-title":"The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence","volume":"57","author":"Steinberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.150","article-title":"Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"18","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1800028","article-title":"Evening chronotype, alcohol use disorder severity, and emotion regulation in college students","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00444-0","article-title":"Sleep and sleep habits from childhood to young adulthood over a 10-year period","volume":"53","author":"Thorleifsdottir","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2013.03.008","article-title":"Adolescent sleep misalignment: a chronic jet lag and a matter of public health","volume":"107","author":"Touitou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol.-Paris"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1504507","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disturbances in mood disorders: insights into the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"2017","author":"Vadnie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765850","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.765850","article-title":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates anxiety-like behavior in mice","volume":"15","author":"Vadnie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/019263650208663302","article-title":"Changing times: findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times","volume":"86","author":"Wahistrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"NASSP Bull."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2021.104997","article-title":"Reduction in vasopressin cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in mice increases anxiety and alters fluid intake","volume":"133","author":"Whylings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545979","article-title":"Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time","volume":"23","author":"Wittmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.041","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus following chronic circadian rhythm perturbation","volume":"183","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0815G","article-title":"Age-related changes in sleep\/wake patterns among Korean teenagers","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","article-title":"Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1478508\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:18:38Z","timestamp":1734329918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1478508\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2024.1478508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1478508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"article-number":"1478508"}}