{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T17:18:06Z","timestamp":1794071886097,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) is a critical structure that maintains the brain\u2019s homeostasis by regulating the transport of molecules and protecting it from harmful substances. However, in neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis, the integrity and function of the BBB can be significantly compromised. In these conditions, BBB disruption leads to increased permeability, which facilitates neuroinflammation, exacerbates neuronal damage, and accelerates disease progression. Recent research has highlighted the potential of lipid-based carriers, including liposomes and lipid droplets (LDs), in modulating the BBB\u2019s integrity and function in various neurological diseases. Liposomes, with their ability to cross the BBB via mechanisms such as receptor-mediated transcytosis and carrier-mediated transport, are emerging as promising vehicles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. These properties allow liposomes to effectively reduce infarct size and promote neuroprotection in ischemic stroke, as well as deliver drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, LDs\u2014dynamic regulators of lipid metabolism and cellular energy\u2014play an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, particularly during periods of stress when BBB function is compromised. These LDs help sustain cellular energy needs and modulate inflammatory responses, which are key factors in maintaining BBB integrity. Surface modifications of liposomes can further enhance their targeting efficiency, enabling them to selectively bind to specific brain cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. This customization improves the precision of therapeutic delivery and supports the development of more tailored treatments. However, challenges such as immune responses, rapid clearance, and complement activation-related toxicity continue to hinder the broader application of liposomes and LDs in clinical settings. This review will focus on the roles of liposomes and LDs in regulating BBB integrity across a range of neurological diseases, discussing their potential for targeted drug delivery, neuroprotection, and the modulation of neuroinflammation. Additionally, we will explore the strategies being developed to address the limitations that currently restrict their clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:33:45Z","timestamp":1755066825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Exploring novel roles of lipid droplets and lipid metabolism in regulating inflammation and blood\u2013brain barrier function in neurological diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Luo","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongnan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongli","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuhong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8831-5_9","article-title":"Altered lipid metabolism in brain injury and disorders","volume":"49","author":"Adibhatla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2668","article-title":"Lipid oxidation and peroxidation in CNS health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Adibhatla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.12.015","article-title":"Liver X receptors as regulators of macrophage inflammatory and metabolic pathways","volume":"1812","author":"A-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70114","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70114","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the advancements of dual COX-2\/5-LOX inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"105","author":"Agrawal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12040333","article-title":"Lipidomics in understanding pathophysiology and pharmacologic effects in inflammatory diseases: considerations for drug development","volume":"12","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meta"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.05.020","article-title":"Prolonged opportunity for neuroprotection in experimental stroke with selective blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 activity","volume":"1279","author":"Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12470","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01808","article-title":"Selective liposomal transport through blood brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke reveals two distinct therapeutic opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Al-Ahmady","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152297","article-title":"Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid in models of Parkinson's disease: the implication of lipid droplets and lipophagy","volume":"11","author":"Alarcon-Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00328","article-title":"Dysregulated lipid metabolism and its role in \u03b1-synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Alecu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-024-01256-7","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of ischemic stroke in REGARDS","volume":"16","author":"Ament","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01048-w","article-title":"LOX-1 mediates inflammatory activation of microglial cells through the p38-MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathways under hypoxic-ischemic conditions","volume":"21","author":"Aoki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17175","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202217175","article-title":"Aged lipid-laden microglia display impaired responses to stroke","volume":"15","author":"Arbaizar-Rovirosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-021-08646-2","article-title":"Sphingolipids as regulators of neuro-inflammation and NADPH oxidase 2","volume":"23","author":"Arsenault","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867261","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.867261","article-title":"Lipids in liver failure syndromes: a focus on eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and lysophospholipids","volume":"13","author":"Artru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527322666230303114425","article-title":"APOE4 is a risk factor and potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Ayyubova","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5010178","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein-induced synapse damage in cultured neurons is mediated by cholesterol-sensitive activation of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2","volume":"5","author":"Bate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594672","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.594672","article-title":"Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier permeability throughout the different stages of ischemic stroke and its implication on hemorrhagic transformation and recovery","volume":"11","author":"Bernardo-Castro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15154013","article-title":"Challenges in pharmacological intervention in perilipins (PLINs) to modulate lipid droplet dynamics in obesity and Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Bombarda-Rocha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132058","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P signaling pathway modulators, from current insights to future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Bravo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00451.x","article-title":"FTY720 (fingolimod) in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic effects in the immune and the central nervous system","volume":"158","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.07.015","article-title":"Liposomes for drug delivery in stroke","volume":"152","author":"Bruch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.009","article-title":"Proresolving lipid mediators and mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Buckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012092","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2, lipid metabolism, basal cholinergic system, and therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Campos-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2009.0993","article-title":"Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Candore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaar5551","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar5551","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate: lipid signaling in pathology and therapy","volume":"366","author":"Cartier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566767","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.566767","article-title":"The new frontiers in neurodegenerative diseases treatment: liposomal-based strategies","volume":"8","author":"Cascione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2006443","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006443","article-title":"The lysolipid transporter Mfsd2a regulates lipogenesis in the developing brain","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30579","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30579","article-title":"Perilipins: a family of five fat-droplet storing proteins that play a significant role in fat homeostasis","volume":"125","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200106000-00008","article-title":"Roles of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00557-1","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8259-8","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116235","article-title":"Lipidomics of bioactive lipids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: where are we?","volume":"23","author":"Chiurchi\u00f9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010108","article-title":"Influence of oxidative stress and inflammation on nutritional status and neural plasticity: new perspectives on post-stroke neurorehabilitative outcome","volume":"15","author":"Ciancarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13231940","article-title":"Impact of physical activity on cellular metabolism across both neurodegenerative and general neurological conditions: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7010014","article-title":"Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Correale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-0081-y","article-title":"Cellular elements of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"34","author":"Correale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114485","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles strategies to modify pharmacokinetics of central nervous system targeting drugs: crossing or circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to manage neurological disorders","volume":"189","author":"Correia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.01.003","article-title":"ACSL4 exacerbates ischemic stroke by promoting ferroptosis-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation","volume":"93","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136949","article-title":"Mitochondrial lipid homeostasis at the crossroads of liver and heart diseases","volume":"22","author":"Dabravolski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02232-6","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"58","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072273","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities, dietary risk factors and nutritional management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"D'Amico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182309ab1","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 agonists accelerate oligodendrocyte maturation and influence mitochondrial functions and oscillatory Ca(2+) waves","volume":"70","author":"De Nuccio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012187","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins in neuroinflammation and management of Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Devassy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00502-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective actions of a fatty acid nitroalkene in Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Di Maio","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-024-02419-7","article-title":"Evidence for alterations in lipid profiles and biophysical properties of lipid rafts from spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"102","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R400004-JLR200","article-title":"Thematic review series: brain lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal","volume":"45","author":"Dietschy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.08.001","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, homocysteine, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Doody","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. (Amst)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00052","article-title":"Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA","volume":"7","author":"Dyall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.018","article-title":"SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis","volume":"86","author":"Eberl\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.074","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles and transcranial focused ultrasound enhance the delivery of SOD1 antisense oligonucleotides to the murine brain for ALS therapy","volume":"378","author":"Ediriweera","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108617","article-title":"The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes","volume":"208","author":"Escandon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S311","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800049-JLR200","article-title":"Membrane phospholipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum function","volume":"50","author":"Fagone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834948","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.834948","article-title":"S1PR3, as a core protein related to ischemic stroke, is involved in the regulation of blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70081","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70081","article-title":"The neuroprotective mechanisms of PPAR-\u03b3: inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00742","article-title":"Lipid droplets in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Farmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712798918851","article-title":"N-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators in the brain: new weapons against oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Farooqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10672","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910672","article-title":"Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators and their role in neurological disorders","volume":"25","author":"Farooqui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M060970","article-title":"Protective associations of HDL with blood-brain barrier injury in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"56","author":"Fellows","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666140303143455","article-title":"Neuroprotective properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR\u03b1) and its lipid ligands","volume":"21","author":"Fidaleo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14668","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors, liver X and retinoid X receptors, for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"176","author":"Fitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010589","article-title":"Current understanding on the role of lipids in macrophages and associated diseases","volume":"24","author":"Florance","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids","volume":"12","author":"Fock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305933","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305933","article-title":"Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression","volume":"14","author":"Fornari Laurindo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01126-z","article-title":"Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215053","article-title":"Friend or foe: lipid droplets as organelles for protein and lipid storage in cellular stress response, aging and disease","volume":"25","author":"Geltinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190708213159","article-title":"New advanced strategies for the treatment of lysosomal diseases affecting the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"Gigliobianco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28089","article-title":"Dysregulated brain cholesterol metabolism is linked to neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease","volume":"35","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Guevara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Lipid metabolism in remyelination: does a hidden dialogue exist between the central nervous system and the periphery?","author":"Gouna","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14792","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of perilipin protein function in lipid droplet metabolism","volume":"598","author":"Griseti","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.02.011","article-title":"Fingolimod: direct CNS effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulation and implications in multiple sclerosis therapy","volume":"328","author":"Groves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00165","article-title":"Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes atherosclerosis via HMGB1\/TLR4-mediated downregulation of PPAR\u03b3\/LXR\u03b1\/ABCA1 in ApoE(\u2212\/\u2212) mice","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00763-2","article-title":"Stroke induces prolonged changes in lipid metabolism, the liver and body composition in mice","volume":"11","author":"Haley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00397","article-title":"Plin4-dependent lipid droplets hamper neuronal mitophagy in the MPTP\/p-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2010.09.001","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E: from lipid transport to neurobiology","volume":"50","author":"Hauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.387965","article-title":"Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases: neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Helgud\u00f3ttir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00588-y","article-title":"TREM2 dependent and independent functions of microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12847","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612847","article-title":"Aerobic exercise facilitates the nuclear translocation of SREBP2 by activating AKT\/SEC24D to contribute cholesterol homeostasis for improving cognition in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630502","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.630502","article-title":"APOE and Alzheimer's disease: from lipid transport to physiopathology and therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Husain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13690","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413690","article-title":"Inhibiting the cholesterol storage enzyme ACAT1\/SOAT1 in aging apolipoprotein E4 mice alters their brains' inflammatory profiles","volume":"25","author":"Huynh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733973","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.733973","article-title":"Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis aggravates brain injury, reduces blood-brain barrier integrity and impairs neurological recovery in a murine stroke model","volume":"15","author":"Janssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"435","article-title":"Lipid droplets and the management of cellular stress","volume":"92","author":"Jarc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663967","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.663967","article-title":"Alteration of gut microbiome and correlated lipid metabolism in post-stroke depression","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0486-0","article-title":"Fragmented mitochondria released from microglia trigger A1 astrocytic response and propagate inflammatory neurodegeneration","volume":"22","author":"Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00648-z","article-title":"Understanding drug delivery to the brain using liposome-based strategies: studies that provide mechanistic insights are essential","volume":"23","author":"Juhairiyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0742-4","article-title":"Liposome-based targeting of dopamine to the brain: a novel approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Kahana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1049","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a role for liver X receptors","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.2741\/2802","article-title":"Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of PPAR-gamma agonists","volume":"13","author":"Kapadia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.01.018","article-title":"ABCA1 influences neuroinflammation and neuronal death","volume":"54","author":"Karasinska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25356","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine targets 5 lipoxygenase-derived, toxic lipids and can synergize with prostaglandin E(2) to inhibit ferroptosis and improve outcomes following hemorrhagic stroke in mice","volume":"84","author":"Karuppagounder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13412","article-title":"The dynamic blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"282","author":"Keaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067937","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.067937","article-title":"Inhibition of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 improves blood-brain barrier integrity in ApoE4 carrying mice","volume":"18","author":"Kerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108863","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108863","article-title":"Autophagy in major human diseases","volume":"40","author":"Klionsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103618","article-title":"Lipids and lipid mediators associated with the risk and pathology of ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Kloska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073334","article-title":"Participation of ABCA1 transporter in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Kotlyarov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06033-x","article-title":"Exploring the molecular approach of COX and LOX in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disorder","volume":"47","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00597","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: the blood-brain barrier and the sphingolipid rheostat","volume":"8","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01504-z","article-title":"The regulatory role of lipophagy in central nervous system diseases","volume":"9","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C500","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00120.2016","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis products increase blood-brain barrier transfer coefficient and induce astrocyte lipid droplets and cell stress","volume":"312","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.06.025","article-title":"Glutathione PEGylated liposomal methylprednisolone (2B3-201) attenuates CNS inflammation and degeneration in murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"274","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123571","article-title":"CKN reduces TLR4-mediated inflammation and cerebral I\/R injury by activating the LXR\u03b1\/ABCA1 pathway in microglia","volume":"370","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.12.018","article-title":"The impairment of cholesterol metabolism in Huntington disease","volume":"1851","author":"Leoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7273","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137273","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies: molecular mechanisms involved in counteracting oxidative stress and chronic inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Leyane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988266","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.988266","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18815","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018815","article-title":"Expression of SREBP2 and cholesterol metabolism related genes in TCGA glioma cohorts","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1166\/mex.2021.1993","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of multifunctional nano-liposomes on Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Express"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01127-0","article-title":"Peripheral apoE4 enhances Alzheimer's pathology and impairs cognition by compromising cerebrovascular function","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00914","article-title":"Structure, function, and regulation of the blood-brain barrier tight junction in central nervous system disorders","volume":"11","author":"Lochhead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12912","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612912","article-title":"Alterations of oligodendrocyte and myelin energy metabolism in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"L\u00f3pez-Muguruza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-024-02676-w","article-title":"Lipid and brain volumetric measures in multiple sclerosis patients: findings from a large observational study","volume":"124","author":"Lorincz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00393","article-title":"Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in microglia","volume":"11","author":"Loving","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558036","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.558036","article-title":"The novel Omega-6 fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid positively modulates brain innate immune response for resolving neuroinflammation at early and late stages of humanized APOE-based Alzheimer's disease models","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6454","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186454","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: focus on cardioembolic stroke, background, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"21","author":"Maida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P091033","article-title":"ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity of cerebrospinal fluid is impaired in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"60","author":"Marchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8421","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228421","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and inflammation-an interesting interplay in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Marogianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8337-y","article-title":"Role of cholesterol in APP metabolism and its significance in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis","volume":"47","author":"Maulik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9753-6","article-title":"FTY720 attenuates infection-induced enhancement of a\u03b2 accumulation in APP\/PS1 mice by modulating astrocytic activation","volume":"12","author":"McManus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref118","volume-title":"Impact of microbiota on neurodegeneration in tauopathies using","author":"Mesbahi","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.116.107169","article-title":"Ceramide 1-phosphate increases P-glycoprotein transport activity at the blood-brain barrier via prostaglandin E2 signaling","volume":"91","author":"Mesev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00756-4","article-title":"Loss of fatty acid degradation by astrocytic mitochondria triggers neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"5","author":"Mi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/157488912798842241","article-title":"Lipid-based nanocarriers for CNS-targeted drug delivery","volume":"7","author":"Micheli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Recent Pat. CNS Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2011.04.007","article-title":"Fatty acid transport into the brain: of fatty acid fables and lipid tails","volume":"85","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01443-4","article-title":"Liposome-mediated anti-viral drug delivery across blood-brain barrier: can lipid droplet target be game changers?","volume":"44","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuaa066","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa066","article-title":"Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity","volume":"45","author":"Monson","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16650216","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b1, a lipid-sensing transcription factor, regulates blood-brain barrier efflux transporter expression","volume":"37","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02511-7","article-title":"Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands","volume":"22","author":"Moreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2112095118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112095118","article-title":"Neuronal ROS-induced glial lipid droplet formation is altered by loss of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes","volume":"118","author":"Moulton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.04.050","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoliposomes with curcumin-lipid derivative and brain targeting functionality with potential applications for Alzheimer disease","volume":"80","author":"Mourtas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14569","article-title":"Natural product-driven dual COX-LOX inhibitors: overview of recent studies on the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"9","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.044","article-title":"Phospholipase A2, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in cerebral ischemia","volume":"40","author":"Muralikrishna Adibhatla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01844-x","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling is involved in impaired blood-brain barrier function in ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"57","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316711","article-title":"Endothelial S1P(1) signaling counteracts infarct expansion in ischemic stroke","volume":"128","author":"Nitzsche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.03.004","article-title":"Targeting lipid nanoparticles to the blood-brain barrier to ameliorate acute ischemic stroke","volume":"32","author":"Nong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.007","article-title":"TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge","volume":"105","author":"Nugent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","article-title":"Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Olzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05045-7","article-title":"Knockdown of NEAT1 prevents post-stroke lipid droplet agglomeration in microglia by regulating autophagy","volume":"81","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09575","article-title":"Liposomes: an emerging carrier for targeting Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases","volume":"8","author":"Pandian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112903","article-title":"Dissecting the crosstalk between endothelial mitochondrial damage, vascular inflammation, and neurodegeneration in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Parodi-Rull\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2021.1995356","article-title":"Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response","volume":"18","author":"Pereira-Dutra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76973-8","article-title":"Cholesteryl ester levels are elevated in the caudate and putamen of Huntington's disease patients","volume":"10","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645646","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.645646","article-title":"Lipid transport and metabolism at the blood-brain Interface: implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Pifferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147319","article-title":"New insights into multiple sclerosis mechanisms: lipids on the track to control inflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"22","author":"Podbielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807639","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.807639","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology and novel potential therapeutic applications of Fingolimod","volume":"13","author":"Pournajaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C468","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00239.2021","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease","volume":"322","author":"Pressly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","article-title":"ApoE4 impairs neuron-astrocyte coupling of fatty acid metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160612","article-title":"Amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau accumulations cause abnormalities at synapses of Alzheimer's disease neurons","volume":"57","author":"Rajmohan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref148","volume-title":"Lipid mediated neuroprotective signaling in experimental ischemic stroke","author":"Reid","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref149","volume-title":"Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins and membranes","author":"Ridgway","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.082201.154705","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation disorders","volume":"64","author":"Rinaldo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071717","article-title":"Microglia: agents of the CNS pro-inflammatory response","volume":"9","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.190587","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein transport through aortic endothelial cells involves scavenger receptor BI and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1","volume":"104","author":"Rohrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35161-0","article-title":"Dual synergistic inhibition of COX and LOX by potential chemicals from Indian daily spices investigated through detailed computational studies","volume":"13","author":"Rudrapal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2014.02.002","article-title":"Recent insights into the molecular pathophysiology of lipid droplet formation in hepatocytes","volume":"54","author":"Sahini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.08.005","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier tight junction permeability and ischemic stroke","volume":"32","author":"Sandoval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2304654","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304654","article-title":"Brain-targeted liposomes loaded with monoclonal antibodies reduce alpha-synuclein aggregation and improve behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"35","author":"Sela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1691525","article-title":"Inflammation resolution and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in CNS diseases","volume":"23","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.91","article-title":"SREBP-regulated lipid metabolism: convergent physiology - divergent pathophysiology","volume":"13","author":"Shimano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080743","article-title":"ROS generation in microglia: understanding oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"9","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.201912_28(4).0002","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid and the brain-what is its role?","volume":"28","author":"Sinclair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200224666230608110349","article-title":"Structure of the blood brain barrier and its role in the transporters for the movement of substrates across the barriers","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210139","article-title":"A specialized nutritional formulation prevents hippocampal glial activation and memory impairment induced by amyloid-\u03b2 oligomers in mice","volume":"83","author":"Siqueira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010022","article-title":"Pathophysiology of lipid droplets in neuroglia","volume":"11","author":"Smoli\u010d","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8071","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0297-1","article-title":"Inflammatory response in the CNS: friend or foe?","volume":"54","author":"Sochocka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.09.055","article-title":"Peptide-functionalized liposomes as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for cancer treatment","volume":"329","author":"Sonju","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2741\/4309","article-title":"Membrane lipid domains in the nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Sonnino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.10.006","article-title":"Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Spite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0477-3","article-title":"Critical role of the sphingolipid pathway in stroke: a review of current utility and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2025.5580","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in microglia: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative diseases (review)","volume":"56","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M068775","article-title":"Esterification of 24S-OHC induces formation of atypical lipid droplet-like structures, leading to neuronal cell death","volume":"57","author":"Takabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01189-1","article-title":"Lipid droplets in pathogen infection and host immunity","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00684-6","article-title":"Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease","volume":"22","author":"Tansey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.192021","article-title":"The why, when and how of lipid droplet diversity","volume":"130","author":"Thiam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11120919","article-title":"Lipids in pathophysiology and development of the membrane lipid therapy: new bioactive lipids","volume":"11","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Membranes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00010","article-title":"Neuronal lipid metabolism: multiple pathways driving functional outcomes in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Tracey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01197-w","article-title":"Integrated stress response is involved in the 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol-induced unconventional cell death mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Urano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01375-3","article-title":"Inhibition of ACAT as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease is independent of ApoE4 lipidation","volume":"20","author":"Valencia-Olvera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2330","article-title":"Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave","volume":"9","author":"van Meer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5381","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S117210","article-title":"Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"11","author":"Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2011.03.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of human lipodystrophies: from adipocyte lipid droplet to oxidative stress and lipotoxicity","volume":"43","author":"Vigouroux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061009-102430","article-title":"Lipid droplets and cellular lipid metabolism","volume":"81","author":"Walther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2015.12.010","article-title":"Lipid droplets, lipophagy, and beyond","volume":"1861","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.13112","article-title":"The sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway (sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptor, sphingosine kinase) and epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04672-w","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism in CNS diseases: the potential of SREBP2 and LXR as therapeutic targets","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0037-x","article-title":"Liver X receptors in lipid signalling and membrane homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0013","article-title":"The role of exosome lipids in central nervous system diseases","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6082-8_6","article-title":"ABC transporters, cholesterol efflux, and implications for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"1276","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00443-w","article-title":"Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay8627","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay8627","article-title":"Mfsd2a and Spns2 are essential for sphingosine-1-phosphate transport in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2306863","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202306863","article-title":"Dynamic brain lipid profiles modulate microglial lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation under ischemic conditions in mice","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115962","article-title":"TREM2 regulates microglial lipid droplet formation and represses post-ischemic brain injury","volume":"170","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03782-y","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of blood-brain-barrier lipid transporter MFSD2A","volume":"596","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01811","article-title":"Liver X receptor alpha is important in maintaining blood-brain barrier function","volume":"10","author":"Wouters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01481-w","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102982","article-title":"IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke","volume":"69","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0954-6","article-title":"Liraglutide improves lipid metabolism by enhancing cholesterol efflux associated with ABCA1 and ERK1\/2 pathway","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633022","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.633022","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 is a risk factor for patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00028","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress and inflammation to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020352","article-title":"PPAR-mediated toxicology and applied pharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Xi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00314-0","article-title":"Fish oil protects the blood-brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417329","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 decreases microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and lipid droplet accumulation in an in vitro stroke model","volume":"24","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19306","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011160","article-title":"Enhanced acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity increases cholesterol levels on the lipid droplet surface and impairs adipocyte function","volume":"294","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398921","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1398921","article-title":"Research progress of SREBP and its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8461-3","article-title":"LXR agonists: new potential therapeutic drug for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6687386","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6687386","article-title":"Neuroprotective phytochemicals in experimental ischemic stroke: mechanisms and potential clinical applications","volume":"2021","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies","volume":"15","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.04.026","article-title":"Verapamil and riluzole cocktail liposomes overcome pharmacoresistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in brain endothelial and astrocyte cells: A potent approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C135","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00136.2018","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke","volume":"316","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise","volume":"290","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01554-3","article-title":"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: lysophosphatidic acid mediates inflammation by decreasing the expression of liver X receptor","volume":"70","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref211","volume-title":"The dual role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in ischemic stroke: neuroprotection and blood-brain barrier disruption","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2751com","article-title":"Aggregated alpha-synuclein activates microglia: a process leading to disease progression in Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.23734","article-title":"Localized delivery of curcumin into brain with polysorbate 80-modified cerasomes by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction for improved Parkinson's disease therapy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.022","article-title":"27-hydroxycholesterol contributes to disruptive effects on learning and memory by modulating cholesterol metabolism in the rat brain","volume":"300","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03334-5","article-title":"Lipid droplets in central nervous system and functional profiles of brain cells containing lipid droplets in various diseases","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147937","article-title":"Factors influencing the blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"1788","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30204","article-title":"The roles of liver X receptor \u03b1 in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases","volume":"236","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000535131","article-title":"Brain lipids and lipid droplet dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complex Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500152","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202500152","article-title":"Astrocyte lipid droplet dynamics orchestrate neurological disorders and therapeutic horizons","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:33:49Z","timestamp":1755066829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":219,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1603292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"article-number":"1603292"}}