{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T06:10:03Z","timestamp":1752127803345,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the past decade, the fields of hydrogel and spinal cord injury (SCI) research have witnessed rapid development. To explore disparities between China and global trends in hydrogel research, this study systematically conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of related publications, summarizing current research foci and future directions. This provides critical guidance for researchers to delve deeper into hydrogel applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 866 records in the hydrogel and SCI domains were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) between 2014 and 2024. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, SCImago, and the R package \u201cbibliometrix\u201d were utilized to analyze regional distributions, institutional collaborations, journal impacts, author productivity, and keyword trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual publications in hydrogel and SCI research exhibited consistent growth. China (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 382) and the United States (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 158) collectively contributed 76.2% of global academic output, reflecting disproportionate productivity. Zhejiang University and Jinan University demonstrated significant contributions across international and Chinese academic platforms. XIAO Jian distinguished himself through exceptional metrics (h-index, total citations), establishing his prominence as a high-impact scholar. BIOMATERIALS emerged as the most prolific and influential journal based on total link strength. Keyword and co-citation analyses revealed heightened emphasis on 3D bioprinting and electroactive bio-scaffolds in both WoSCC and CNKI databases. Systemic research disparities reveals that CNKI prioritize hydrogel technologies with a distinctive focus on indigenous specializations (e.g., Chuanxiongzine and stem cell transplantation), while WoSCC demonstrates notable advantages in establishing therapeutic loops encompassing drug delivery systems, functional recovery evaluation, and neuroimmune modulation strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>By integrating WoSCC and CNKI data, this study comprehensively elucidates geographical disparities in research priorities between China and the global scientific community regarding hydrogel-mediated SCI repair, thereby proposing an evidence-based framework for international collaborative innovation. These insights offer valuable references to guide future hydrogel research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1636904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:30:58Z","timestamp":1752125458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bibliometric and visualization analysis of hydrogel research in spinal cord injury: comparative study of Chinese and English literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wenju","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamiran","family":"Halike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xv","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengwu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury.","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020408","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy in oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases: Role of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in clinical translation.","volume":"11","author":"Ashok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/bc.2009.033","article-title":"Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases.","volume":"390","author":"Ballatori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.05.006","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeting drug conjugates for cytotoxic, anti-oxidizing and sensing purposes: Current strategies and future perspectives.","volume":"8","author":"Battogtokh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020219","article-title":"Advances in electrospun nerve guidance conduits for engineering neural regeneration.","volume":"14","author":"Behtaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.12.002","article-title":"TNF and ROS crosstalk in inflammation.","volume":"26","author":"Blaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211066","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1211066","article-title":"Hydrogel scaffolds in the treatment of spinal cord injury: A review.","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442493","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1442493","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis and visualization of normal pressure hydrocephalus.","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120762","article-title":"4D spatiotemporal modulation of biomolecules distribution in anisotropic corrugated microwrinkles via electrically manipulated microcapsules within hierarchical hydrogel for spinal cord regeneration.","volume":"271","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122414","article-title":"3D bioprinting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural tissues using a novel lab-on-a-printer technology.","volume":"8","author":"De la Vega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174075","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1174075","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering.","volume":"11","author":"El-Husseiny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37361","article-title":"Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone\/polypyrrole conducting scaffolds for differentiation of human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes and promotion of neurite outgrowth.","volume":"110","author":"Entezari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718755778","article-title":"Microenvironment imbalance of spinal cord injury.","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.03.010","article-title":"Bioactive polymeric materials and electrical stimulation strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration.","volume":"5","author":"Ferrigno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138788","article-title":"3D bioprinted conductive spinal cord biomimetic scaffolds for promoting neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and repairing of spinal cord injury.","volume":"451","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010665","article-title":"Brief electrical stimulation promotes recovery after surgical repair of injured peripheral nerves.","volume":"25","author":"Gordon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280908","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1280908","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of the research hotspots and frontiers related to cell death in spinal cord injury.","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2303817","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303817","article-title":"Antioxidant hydrogels: Antioxidant mechanisms, design strategies, and applications in the treatment of oxidative stress- related diseases.","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.26599\/jnr.2022.9040007","article-title":"Advances and prospects of cell therapy for spinal cord injury patients.","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurorestoratol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00736","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation and the modulation of the axon regeneration program.","volume":"8","author":"Jara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0320-6","article-title":"Bioactive electrospun scaffolds delivering growth factors and genes for tissue engineering applications.","volume":"28","author":"Ji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.111","article-title":"Oxidative stress in spinal cord injury and antioxidant-based intervention.","volume":"50","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801850","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201801850","article-title":"3D printed stem- cell derived neural progenitors generate spinal cord scaffolds.","volume":"28","author":"Joung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci11010011","article-title":"Effects of electrical stimulation of the cell: wound healing, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction.","volume":"11","author":"Katoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-023-00389-z","article-title":"Recent advances in 3D printable conductive hydrogel inks for neural engineering.","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Converg."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0296-z","article-title":"Biomimetic 3D-printed scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair.","volume":"25","author":"Koffler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016018","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa95a5","article-title":"3D printing nano conductive multi-walled carbon nanotube scaffolds for nerve regeneration.","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926780","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.926780","article-title":"Mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in spinal cord injury.","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.07.020","article-title":"Coaxial 3D printing of hierarchical structured hydrogel scaffolds for on-demand repair of spinal cord injury.","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c00920","article-title":"An electroconductive hydrogel scaffold with injectability and biodegradability to manipulate neural stem cells for enhancing spinal cord injury repair.","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rbac038","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbac038","article-title":"Three-dimensional bioprinting sodium alginate\/gelatin scaffold combined with neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes markedly promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury.","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regener. Biomater."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.05.039","article-title":"An injectable, self-healing, electroconductive extracellular matrix-based hydrogel for enhancing tissue repair after traumatic spinal cord injury.","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012002","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab52e8","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for spinal cord regeneration: Advances from the last 10 years.","volume":"6","author":"Morgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081458","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1081458","article-title":"Electrical stimulation therapy for peripheral nerve injury.","volume":"14","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7552.1000158","article-title":"The application of stem cell based tissue engineering in spinal cord injury repair.","volume":"6","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Tissue Sci. Eng."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12020277","article-title":"Electroactive smart polymers for biomedical applications.","volume":"12","author":"Palza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m307657200","article-title":"NADPH oxidase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and proinflammatory gene expression in activated microglia.","volume":"279","author":"Qin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.02.105","article-title":"Cellular hydrogels based on pH-responsive chitosan-hydroxyapatite system.","volume":"166","author":"Rogina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100473","article-title":"Recent advances on bioactive baghdadite ceramic for bone tissue engineering applications: 20 years of research and innovation (a review).","volume":"17","author":"Sadeghzade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(23)00287-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","volume":"22","author":"Safdarian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2022.2052503","article-title":"Psychophysiological impact of spinal cord injury: Depression, coping and heart rate variability.","volume":"46","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112639","article-title":"Neural stem cell-laden 3D bioprinting of polyphenol-doped electroconductive hydrogel scaffolds for enhanced neuronal differentiation.","volume":"133","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11024","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011024","article-title":"Circulatory indicators of lipid peroxidation, the driver of ferroptosis, reflect differences between relapsing\u2013remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis.","volume":"25","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010090","article-title":"Ferroptosis and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1295382","article-title":"ROS-mediated necroptosis is involved in iron overload-induced osteoblastic cell death.","volume":"2020","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2017","article-title":"The biology of regeneration failure and success after spinal cord injury.","volume":"98","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.01.029","article-title":"A bioactive injectable self-healing anti-inflammatory hydrogel with ultralong extracellular vesicles release synergistically enhances motor functional recovery of spinal cord injury.","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967193","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.967193","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334092","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1334092","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in spinal cord injury: A bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2023.","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2310483","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310483","article-title":"Capacitive-coupling-responsive hydrogel scaffolds offering wireless in situ electrical stimulation promotes nerve regeneration.","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2301173","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202301173","article-title":"Hydrogel and nanomedicine- based multimodal therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small Method"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847344","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.847344","article-title":"3D bioprinting for spinal cord injury repair.","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.07.001","article-title":"MnTBAP increases BMPR-II expression in endothelial cells and attenuates vascular inflammation.","volume":"84","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vascul. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1636904\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:30:58Z","timestamp":1752125458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1636904\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2025.1636904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1636904","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"article-number":"1636904"}}