{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:01:49Z","timestamp":1791478909948,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One of the most challenging aims of the scientific community in the last decade, is to find an easily accessible matrix in which neurodegeneration-related biomarkers can be measured and used to diagnose Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Blood biomarkers have led the way in this regard, specifically, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) which demonstrates excellent diagnostic and prognostic properties. The recent success of the blood biomarkers for AD pathophysiology poses a new question \u2013 can p-tau be measured in other peripheral and even more accessible biofluids, and do they have relation to disease? Saliva contains biomarkers linked to neurodegeneration and it has been proposed as a potential sample type that would be minimally invasive to collect for this purpose.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we confirmed the presence of several p-tau species in saliva fluid and saliva gland tissue by Immunoprecipitation-Mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Furthermore, we measured saliva and plasma p-tau181 concentrations in 125 memory clinic participants, using ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite a weak correlation between saliva p-tau181 and CSF t-tau (rho\u202f=\u202f0.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01), there were no significant differences in saliva p-tau181 concentration between the different clinical groups and the healthy controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this reason, we conclude that saliva p-tau181 is not acceptable as a biomarker for AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1718237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T06:26:54Z","timestamp":1764656814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Saliva phosphorylated tau concentration is not associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, cerebrospinal fluid or blood biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Helena Sophia","family":"Gleerup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Koutarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Lantero-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Montoliu-Gaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Hanrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Brinkmalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Karikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Simren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"H\u00f8gh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen Gregers","family":"Hasselbalch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja Hviid","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103437","article-title":"Spitting image: can saliva biomarkers reflect Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"68","author":"Ashton","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.014","article-title":"No association of salivary total tau concentration with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"70","author":"Ashton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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