{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:43:49Z","timestamp":1792611829301,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The comparison of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) through shared pathophysiologic features offers intriguing insights into the similarities between the two disease states. The authors suggest diminished cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage through the lymphatic system, perivascular system, and nasal turbinates may occur in ASD and AD, and be an important contributing factor in the occurrence of both disorders. Obstruction of the CSF's normal nasal lymphatic drainage results in abnormal processing of the waste proteins tau and amyloid in the brain in both of these disease states. Reproducible research has shown that ASD and AD patients, when compared to normal controls, exhibit increased extra-axial CSF, enlarged perivascular spaces, magnetic resonance imaging evidence of glymphatic dysfunction, and olfactory dysfunction. Some comparisons between the two disease states are robust while others remain speculative. However, the recognition of overlapping pathophysiologic and genetic features between the two disease states not only furthers understanding of these complex conditions, but could also pave the way for novel therapeutic avenues. The goal of this article is to demonstrate the empirically known similarities between ASD and AD and to stimulate research investigating CSF lymphatic drainage through the nasal turbinates. The authors suggest various ways to confirm their findings and provide suggestions for new therapeutic approaches for these disease states aimed at increasing the movement of CSF originating in the brain through the glymphatic system to meningeal and nasal turbinate lymphatics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1737007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:56:05Z","timestamp":1768892165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pathophysiologic similarities between autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic possibilities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"William Thomas","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, UT Health San Antonio","place":["San Antonio, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison P.","family":"Sheesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado","place":["Greeley, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce Gensberg","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Methodist Hospital","place":["San Antonio, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00622-8","article-title":"Parasagittal dural volume correlates with cerebrospinal fluid volume and developmental delay in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.3172","article-title":"Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and children's risk of autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability","volume":"331","author":"Ahlqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5314","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5314","article-title":"Evaluation of the glymphatic system in rabbits using gadobutrol-enhanced MR cisternography with T1 and T2 mapping","volume":"38","author":"Algin","year":"2025","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638","article-title":"2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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