{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:58:36Z","timestamp":1775804316155,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to characterize regional alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microdynamics following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2013based CSF motion between patients with TBI and healthy controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective observational study, 14 patients with mild TBI and 14 healthy volunteers underwent IVIM MRI using a 3-Tesla scanner. The\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value, reflecting incoherent CSF-related microfluidic motion, was quantified across predefined supratentorial and infratentorial regions of interest. Group differences in mean\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values were evaluated, and longitudinal changes were assessed in three patients who underwent follow-up MRI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The TBI group exhibited a significantly higher mean\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value in the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) compared with controls. Exploratory trends toward lower\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values were also observed in several supratentorial regions, including the left lateral ventricle and right frontal subarachnoid space. Longitudinal analysis revealed increasing\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values in supratentorial regions over time\u2014suggesting partial recovery\u2014whereas infratentorial regions demonstrated decreasing or stable trajectories.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild TBI may be associated with region-specific alterations in CSF microdynamics, characterized by increased motion in the CPA and exploratory reductions in selected supratentorial regions. Although preliminary, these findings highlight the potential of IVIM MRI as a complementary tool for investigating post-traumatic abnormalities in CSF motion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1756207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:03:23Z","timestamp":1775801003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory assessment of cerebrospinal fluid-related microdynamics after mild traumatic brain injury using intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shinya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Area Medical Education Center","place":["Mito, Japan"]},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba","place":["Tsukuba, Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Area Medical Education Center","place":["Mito, Japan"]},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba","place":["Tsukuba, Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiichi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba","place":["Tsukuba, Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2604-1","article-title":"Measurement reproducibility of perfusion fraction and pseudodiffusion coefficient derived by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging in normal liver and metastases","volume":"23","author":"Andreou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. 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