{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T17:14:17Z","timestamp":1769706857896,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prion diseases (PrD) are a group of rapidly progressive dementias. Among its subtypes, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is the most common, affecting around 1\u20132 individuals per million inhabitants yearly. In 2005, Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health (MH) initiated a surveillance program for CJD, creating a protocol to report the cases. Despite advances, the MH still struggles to make a reliable database to determine PrD profile in Brazil. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to understand the Brazilian PrD surveillance system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective and descriptive study based on the epidemiological records of CJD surveillance from 2005 to 2021 in the Ministry of Health\u2019s Epidemiological Bulletin published in 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1,576 suspected cases of CJD were reported, concentrated in the Southeast, South and Northeast regions of Brazil. Among the notifications, the following age groups predominated: 55\u201374 years (60.2%), 45\u201354 years (15%), and 75\u201385 years (11.8%). Suspected cases were mainly represented by women (53.6%), white individuals (61.4%), and residents of urban areas (90%). 547 cases (34.7%) were confirmed based on the following confirmation criteria: laboratory (65.6%), clinical-epidemiological (29.4%), and not informed (4.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this period, the expected number of cases for the Brazilian population would be 3,200. Additionally to underreporting, the data shared by MH is limited due to the use of a database destined to mainly observe epidemic outbreaks and mismatches between official documents. Despite some progress since 2005, PrD surveillance in Brazil faces significant problems, due to the inaccurate treatment of these data and the lack of a specific database for CJD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1762241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:39:41Z","timestamp":1769668781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A critical perspective of prion disease surveillance in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Breno Jos\u00e9 Alencar Pires","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Center, Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza Vasconcelos","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eriton Gomes","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/382779a0","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and epidemiology of BSE in British cattle.","volume":"382","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003056","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1003056","article-title":"Genetic aspects of human prion diseases.","volume":"13","author":"Appleby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304820","article-title":"Intensity of human prion disease surveillance predicts observed disease incidence.","volume":"84","author":"Klug","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-002-0538-0","article-title":"Human prion diseases.","volume":"23","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642008DN10400004","article-title":"Prion diseases are undercompulsory notification in Brazil: Surveillance of cases evaluated by biochemical and\/or genetic markers from 2005 to 2007.","volume":"1","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Protocolo de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Doen\u00e7a de Creutzfeldt-Jakob com foco na identifica\u00e7\u00e3o da nova variante [Health Surveillance Secretariat. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Notification and Investigation Protocol Focusing on the Identification of the New Variant].","year":"2018"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico [Epidemiological Bulletin].\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"25th Annual Report 2016: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in the UK.\n          \n          2016"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq216","article-title":"Prospective 10-year surveillance of human prion diseases in Japan.","volume":"133","author":"Nozaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1017","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000010086","article-title":"Diagnosis of prion diseases by RT-QuIC results in improved surveillance.","volume":"95","author":"Rhoads","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020690","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20690","article-title":"Human prion disease surveillance in Washington State, 2006-2017.","volume":"3","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1762241\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:39:44Z","timestamp":1769668784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1762241\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2026.1762241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1762241","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"article-number":"1762241"}}