{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:23:31Z","timestamp":1792092211414,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis represents a complex bidirectional communication network linking the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system and has been increasingly recognized as a key contributor to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in gut microbiota composition and function can influence brain development and function through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, thereby modulating neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and blood\u2013brain barrier integrity. Dysregulation of this axis has been implicated in a range of conditions, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety, and stroke. Recent pharmacological advances have identified the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis as a promising therapeutic target. Current strategies focus on modulating shared pathophysiological mechanisms rather than disease-specific endpoints and include microbiota-directed interventions, immune\u2013inflammatory modulators, neurotransmitter-targeting agents, and approaches aimed at restoring intestinal and blood\u2013brain barrier function. In this review, we summarize the core mechanisms underlying microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis dysfunction and organize existing pharmacological strategies according to their primary targets. By integrating evidence across multiple disorders, we provide a mechanism-oriented framework to support future drug development and precision therapeutic approaches for brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1806532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1775022002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut\u2013brain axis in neurological disorders: mechanisms and translational applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuran","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangkai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine BUCM, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04776-7","article-title":"The gut-brain axis: role of gut microbiota in neurological disease pathogenesis and pharmacotherapeutics","author":"Aijaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. 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