{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:35:08Z","timestamp":1777358108601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, significantly impacting patients\u2019 quality of life. Although extensive research has focused on identifying biomarkers, PD diagnosis still relies heavily on clinical features. Current treatments are primarily symptomatic and fail to halt disease progression. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal bilirubin (BR) levels correlate with PD severity and motor outcomes, highlighting BR\u2019s potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review elucidates the dual role of BR in PD pathogenesis\u2014modulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction\u2014and discusses novel BR-based therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1806875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:37:58Z","timestamp":1777354678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilirubin in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potentials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuping","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Pingbao Town Health Center","place":["Baiyin, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MO00135J","article-title":"Systematic investigation of mouse models of Parkinson\u2019s disease by transcriptome mapping on a brain-specific genome-scale metabolic network","volume":"17","author":"Abdik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Omics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101536","article-title":"Bilirubin as a therapeutic molecule: challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Adin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X692096","article-title":"Physiologic doses of bilirubin contribute to tolerance of islet transplants by suppressing the innate immune response","volume":"26","author":"Adin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.09.014","article-title":"Plasma acyl-carnitines, bilirubin, tyramine and tetrahydro-21-deoxycortisol in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor. 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