{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:23Z","timestamp":1787026943531,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diet is increasingly recognized as a potential upstream modulator of the gut-brain axis (GBA) through its effects on the microbiome, microbial metabolites, and host immune and endocrine responses. The GBA is a complex, bidirectional network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, with diet influencing microbial community structure and metabolic output. Plant-based diets, such as Mediterranean and MIND, have been associated with increased production of anti-inflammatory microbial metabolites and improved barrier function, while high calorie\/low nutrient diets are often linked to increased immune activation and barrier dysfunction. However, while microbial metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids, indoles, bile acids, and isothiocyanates, have been proposed as mediators of neuroprotective effects, their role in neurodegenerative diseases remains an area of active investigation, with evidence largely derived from preclinical and associative human studies. Cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli sprouts, are an emerging focus of research for their bioactive compound sulforaphane, which activates Nrf2-centered cytoprotective pathways. Animal and early human studies suggest sulforaphane can improve cognitive and behavioral outcomes, though larger clinical trials are needed. Personalized, microbiota-targeted dietary interventions may offer scalable strategies for managing neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, and we emphasize the need for integrated research across diet, microbiome, and brain health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1815972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:21:02Z","timestamp":1779949262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plant-derived bioactives, the gut\u2013brain axis, and neurodegenerative diseases: mechanistic roles of diet\u2013microbiota interactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ashley","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine","place":["Orono, ME, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine","place":["Burlington, VT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine","place":["Orono, ME, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180794","article-title":"Microbiome-microglia connections via the gut-brain axis","volume":"216","author":"Abdel-Haq","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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