{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T18:15:59Z","timestamp":1793556959110,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The human cochlea is a fragile, spiral-shaped sensory organ for hearing that is deeply embedded within the dense otic capsule bone, making accurate post-mortem anatomical studies difficult when using conventional histological approaches requiring sectioning. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a non-destructive radiological imaging modality that combines geometric and optical magnification to achieve high-resolution 3D visualization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we evaluated the ability of XRM to resolve the entire inner ear, including delineating soft tissue and bony structures, in trimmed human temporal bones\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      following lumen perfusion with a reversible iodine-based contrast-enhancing solution. After optimizing contrast incubation conditions, XRM datasets were acquired, reconstructed, and used to generate 3D volume renderings of the inner ear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>XRM enabled visualization of the entire cochlea and vestibular system, from millimeter-scale labyrinthine anatomy to submillimeter and micrometer-scale cochlear structures, including spiral ganglion nerve fiber bundles and sensory cell rows. Quantitative analysis in a representative case demonstrated an increasing width-to-height ratio of the organ of Corti from the basal to the apical cochlear turns, consistent with histology images and prior anatomical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that XRM provides high-resolution, sectioning-free\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      3D visualization of human cochlear anatomy and may enable quicker and more faithful correlation of cochlear pathology with otologic disorders than traditional histology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1838204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:53:56Z","timestamp":1784127236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High resolution, contrast-enhanced X-ray microscopy of the ex vivo human cochlea: technical feasibility and biometric case analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sophie S.","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charvi","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"McInturff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Batts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina M.","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]},{"name":"Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00556","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500556","article-title":"The state of high-resolution imaging of the human inner ear: A look into the black box.","volume":"12","author":"Batts","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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