{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1785934181339,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathophysiological spectrum of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a continuum, with the AT(N) framework defining stages based on the presence of A\u03b2 pathology, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. However, the spatial characteristics of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes at different stages remain insufficiently defined. This study aimed to establish a cross-sectional cohort of the AD continuum using the AT(N) staging system and systematically delineate the spatial features of GM and WM changes across this spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included subjects across the AD continuum with defined AT(N) stages [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f178, including A-T- cognitive normal (CN), A\u202f+\u202fT- CN, A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fCN, A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fmild cognitive impairment (MCI), and A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fAD subgroups]. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess GM volume changes. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was employed to analyze WM microstructure alterations using fractional anisotropy (FA). Group comparisons were performed to characterize the pattern of brain structural alterations across different AT(N) stages. Correlation analyses were performed to assess correlations of GM and WM changes with AD neuropathology and with cognitive function, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A region-specific pattern of GM volume atrophy was observed: hippocampal (HIP) volume atrophy was most pronounced in the A\u202f+\u202fT- CN subgroup. The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), amygdala (AMYG), and fusiform gyrus (FFG) showed volume atrophy in the A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fCN subgroup. In the A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fMCI and A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fAD subgroups, extensive GM volume reduction involved global GM regions. For WM alterations, reduced FA values were observed in the hippocampal cingulum (CgH) at the A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fCN stage. In A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fMCI and A\u202f+\u202fT\u202f+\u202fAD subgroups, a broader scope of WM FA reduction was observed. Correlation analyses revealed that HIP volume was positively associated with CgH FA values and A\u03b2 levels, while both HIP volume and CgH FA values were negatively associated with P-tau levels, and both HIP volume and CgH FA values positively correlated with global cognition and memory performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GM and WM alterations are widespread in the AD continuum. Early selective GM volume loss and impaired WM axonal integrity are associated with pathological processes in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1853132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:34:32Z","timestamp":1785933272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural changes in gray matter and white matter across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiu","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Healthcare","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Healthcare","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00591-8","article-title":"The anterior thalamic nuclei: core components of a tripartite episodic memory system","volume":"23","author":"Aggleton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13765","article-title":"Amyloid pathology and vascular risk are associated with distinct patterns of cerebral white matter hyperintensities: a multicenter study in 3132 memory clinic patients","volume":"20","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5847","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Bloom","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.035","article-title":"Bilateral anterior corona radiata microstructure organisation relates to impaired social cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"262","author":"Burke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.034","article-title":"Cerebral peduncle volume and motor function following adult Hemispherectomy","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220671","article-title":"Diffusion changes in hippocampal cingulum in early biologically defined Alzheimer's disease","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101911","article-title":"Abnormal white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease based on diffusion tensor imaging: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01291-0","article-title":"The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70042","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70042","article-title":"A\u03b2-reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Chiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70089","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70089","article-title":"Grey-matter structure markers of Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's conversion, functioning and cognition: a Meta-analysis across 11 cohorts","volume":"46","author":"Couvy-Duchesne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13567","article-title":"Cognitively defined Alzheimer's dementia subgroups have distinct atrophy patterns","volume":"20","author":"Crane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105982","article-title":"Functional implications of age-related atrophy of the corpus callosum","volume":"169","author":"Delvenne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31363919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04019-8","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the sagittal stratum","volume":"161","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327339","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1327339","article-title":"Analysis of white matter tract integrity using diffusion kurtosis imaging reveals the correlation of white matter microstructural abnormalities with cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad208","article-title":"Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration","volume":"146","author":"Gonzalez-Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-026-03883-0","article-title":"Abnormal signal transmission in white matter revealed by resting-state communication connectivity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230173","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230173","article-title":"Neuroimaging in dementia: more than typical Alzheimer disease","volume":"308","author":"Haller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.01.010","article-title":"CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease concord with amyloid-\u03b2 PET and predict clinical progression: a study of fully automated immunoassays in BioFINDER and ADNI cohorts","volume":"14","author":"Hansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0070-z","article-title":"Structural tract alterations predict downstream tau accumulation in amyloid-positive older individuals","volume":"21","author":"Jacobs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2310168","article-title":"Biomarker changes during 20 years preceding Alzheimer's disease","volume":"390","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00665-2","article-title":"Blood phospho-tau in Alzheimer disease: analysis, interpretation, and clinical utility","volume":"18","author":"Karikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.049","article-title":"Tract-based analysis of white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"301","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa162","article-title":"Progressive memory circuit impairments along with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology spread: evidence from in vivo neuroimaging","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08177-7","article-title":"White matter dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is associated with disease-related transcriptomic signatures","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Biol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.136","article-title":"Anatomy and white matter connections of the Parahippocampal gyrus","volume":"148","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.058","article-title":"Anatomy and white matter connections of the inferior temporal gyrus","volume":"143","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00432-x","article-title":"Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the lancet standing commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868433","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1868433","article-title":"Trajectories and timing of accelerated decline in specific memory domains preceding Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Long","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00916-3","article-title":"The fusiform gyrus exhibits an epigenetic signature for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150502","article-title":"Characterizing white matter tract degeneration in syndromic variants of Alzheimer's disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"49","author":"Madhavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823493-8.00017-1","article-title":"Amygdala connectivity and implications for social cognition and disorders","volume":"187","author":"Meisner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.017","article-title":"Impaired visual short-term memory capacity is distinctively associated with structural connectivity of the posterior thalamic radiation and the splenium of the corpus callosum in preterm-born adults","volume":"150","author":"Menegaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12224","article-title":"Biphasic cortical macro- and microstructural changes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Montal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00140","article-title":"Microglia in Alzheimer's disease: activated, dysfunctional or degenerative","volume":"10","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70005","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70005","article-title":"Associations of hippocampal volumes, brain hypometabolism, and plasma NfL with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline","volume":"21","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9120377","article-title":"Characteristics of the Uncinate fasciculus and cingulum in patients with mild cognitive impairment: diffusion tensor Tractography study","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.010","article-title":"Longitudinal brain structural changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Pegueroles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e209596","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209596","article-title":"Association between hippocampal volumes and cognition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"103","author":"Perosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.002","article-title":"Brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and aging","volume":"30","author":"Pini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121515","article-title":"White matter hyperintensity-associated iron overload links glymphatic system dysfunction to cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"321","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.02.001","article-title":"Associations between white matter microstructure and amyloid burden in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a multimodal imaging investigation","volume":"4","author":"Racine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121885","article-title":"Innate immune cell death in Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Rajesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04559-2","article-title":"Brain metabolic signatures across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum","volume":"47","author":"Sala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136424","article-title":"Alterations in white matter fiber in Parkinson disease across different cognitive stages","volume":"769","author":"Sang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23897","article-title":"Regionally specific changes in the hippocampal circuitry accompany progression of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Tardif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70052","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70052","article-title":"Identifying cognitive test scores associated with early tau burden in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Terao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00942-2","article-title":"Biomarker-based staging of Alzheimer disease: rationale and clinical applications","volume":"20","author":"Therriault","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102158","article-title":"The striatum, the hippocampus, and short-term memory binding: volumetric analysis of the subcortical grey matter's role in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"25","author":"Vald\u00e9s Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615852","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.615852","article-title":"Deviations in hippocampal subregion in older adults with cognitive frailty","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00166","article-title":"Gender differences in elderly with subjective cognitive decline","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117172","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1117172","article-title":"The effects of microglia-associated neuroinflammation on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13791","article-title":"Distinct spatial contributions of amyloid pathology and cerebral small vessel disease to hippocampal morphology","volume":"20","author":"Xhima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609793","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1609793","article-title":"Multimodal DTI-ALPS and hippocampal microstructural signatures unveil stage-specific pathways in Alzheimer's disease progression","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105755","article-title":"The association of enlarged perivascular space with microglia-related inflammation and Alzheimer's pathology in cognitively normal elderly","volume":"170","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107829","article-title":"Using individualized structural covariance networks to analyze the heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00089","article-title":"Multifunctional roles of the ventral stream in language models: advanced segmental quantification in post-stroke aphasic patients","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-024-00237-y","article-title":"Age-related enhancement of the association between episodic memory and gray matter volume in medial temporal and frontal lobes","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-023-00805-2","article-title":"Disentangling in-vivo microstructural changes of white and gray matter in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1853132\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:34:33Z","timestamp":1785933273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1853132\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2026.1853132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1853132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"article-number":"1853132"}}