{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:20:32Z","timestamp":1783405232586,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Saccadic eye movements are established biomarkers in neuroscience and clinical neurology, with video-oculography (VOG) serving as the gold standard for measurement. However, the high cost, bulky equipment, and poor portability of VOG systems restrict their clinical utility. Electrooculography (EOG) provides a practical alternative, but quantitative conversion of EOG-derived measurements into VOG-equivalent values remains insufficiently established. This study aimed to develop and validate a mathematically derived transformation model for estimating VOG-equivalent horizontal saccadic velocities from EOG recordings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four healthy adults underwent simultaneous EOG and VOG recordings while performing controlled horizontal gaze shifts. Based on a current-source model of the corneal potential, an analytical relationship between EOG voltage velocity and angular eye velocity was derived. Multiple high-pass filter settings were systematically evaluated to identify optimal signal-processing conditions. Transformation equations were derived from the pooled horizontal-saccade dataset and further evaluated using leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The theoretical model predicted a linear relationship between EOG- and VOG-derived saccadic velocities. Among the tested filter settings, a 0.3\u202fHz high-pass combined with a 35\u202fHz low-pass filter yielded the best overall agreement. Under this condition, the final transformation model produced a common slope coefficient of 0.146 \u00b0\/\u03bcV for both movement directions, with an additional direction-specific intercept of \u221282.37 \u00b0\/s for rightward saccades. Converted EOG-derived velocities showed no significant differences from measured VOG-derived velocities. LOSO validation demonstrated stable transformation coefficients (mean slope\u202f=\u202f0.147 \u00b0\/\u03bcV, mean intercept\u202f=\u202f\u221282.47 \u00b0\/s) and maintained agreement across individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A biophysically derived and experimentally validated EOG-to-VOG transformation model can provide accurate estimates of horizontal saccadic velocity under appropriate filtering conditions. These findings support the feasibility of quantitative saccadic analysis using EOG, providing a practical alternative to VOG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1862069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:24Z","timestamp":1783403124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a transformation model to analyze horizontal saccadic velocity using electrooculography: a pilot feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Da Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Convergence Healthcare Medicine, Ajou University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisu","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Healthcare Medicine, Ajou University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JaeWook","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Uk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotology and Neuro-Ophthalmology Laboratory, Korea University Medical Center","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Convergence Healthcare Medicine, Ajou University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.06.011","article-title":"Systematic biases in early ERP and ERF components as a result of high-pass filtering","volume":"209","author":"Acunzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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