{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:16:55Z","timestamp":1788239815462,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA007250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA007250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    First-line dictionary definitions of \u201cplasticity\u201d describe it as the ability (of a thing) to be shaped or molded; we call this \u201cplasticity proper\u201d (PP). In neuroscience, however, \u201cneural plasticity\u201d or \u201cneuroplasticity\u201d is defined as an induced change in brain function or structure. These two plasticities are not the same. Several popular biomarkers of neuroplasticity index part of an evoked process, often linked to learning. Paradoxically, these processes often bias phenotypic canalization, the opposite of phenotypic plasticity. Recognizing this paradox puts into question the custom of using \u201cplasticity\u201d as a shorthand for all neuroplastic phenomena. This custom risks an overgeneralization fallacy and the conflation of assays of evoked brain changes with plasticity proper. We also question extrapolating from any biomarker of neuroplasticity to improved mental health, whether it be aligned with plasticity proper or not. The relationship between the two is, logically,\n                    <jats:italic>context dependent<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As a resolution, we propose a new construct, \u201cmediational and recalibrative plasticity\u201d (MR-P) and show how markers of it can describe and predict examples of phenotypic plasticity, where those phenotypes are states and traits relevant to mental health. In contrast to many markers of neuroplasticity, MR-P\n                    <jats:italic>is<\/jats:italic>\n                    aligned with plasticity proper.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1875339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1788236800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On the meaning of \u201cplasticity\u201d in neuroscience and mental health research and its relation to the action of psychedelic therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"R. L.","family":"Carhart-Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carhart-Harris Lab, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Zeifman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carhart-Harris Lab, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rohani-Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Suseelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mediano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex","place":["Brighton, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Consciousness Research, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carhart-Harris Lab, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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