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These techniques are indirect but more affordable than more-direct techniques for stimulating the brain. The limitations of these techniques and the calibrations necessary for them are also discussed. Some of the behavioral techniques can be also used in field studies by making use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology and a head-mounted display (HMD). The AR HMDs for the behavioral techniques was assembled by combining a smartphone and a wearable stereoscope, both of which were also affordable, as a proof-of-concept. The reviewed behavioral techniques make it possible that researchers with limited budgets can conduct neuroscience studies and that students can learn about these subjects in low-income countries or in underfunded institutions. It can contribute to the democratization of neuroscience and the global equity of scientific research, as well as to broadening the populations studied in cognitive and neuroscience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1925212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:26:47Z","timestamp":1790087207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral techniques for controlling visual stimuli to modulate visual processing in the brain and their implementation in augmented reality technology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tadamasa","family":"Sawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zaven P. and Sonia Akian College of Science and Engineering, American University of Armenia","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dvoeglazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Zargaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Education Psychology and Sociology, Armenian State Pedagogical University","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tamrazyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria G.","family":"Kozhevnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asya","family":"Berberyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University","place":["Yerevan, Armenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Feurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena S.","family":"Gorbunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, HSE University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00769","article-title":"The superior colliculus and amygdala support evaluation of face trait in blindsight.","volume":"11","author":"Ajina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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