{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:54:27Z","timestamp":1791266067799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017957","name":"Health Commission of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes substantial motor impairment, driven by neuronal loss, axonal disruption, and impaired synaptic connectivity. Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is capable of modulating neural activity, but its therapeutic potential in SCI remains largely unexplored. We explored the influence of TI stimulation on functional recovery and neuroplasticity-associated responses following SCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two C57BL\/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups: sham, SCI, sham stimulation, and TI stimulation. Mice underwent T8 spinal cord hemisection, followed by daily TI stimulation from day 4 to day 21 post-injury. Locomotor recovery was evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS). At 21 days after injury, neuronal-associated changes, glial responses, and neuroplasticity-associated molecular changes were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with sham-operated mice, SCI mice exhibited impaired locomotor function, reduced NeuN-positive neuronal density, and decreased expression of neuroplasticity-associated proteins, including GAP43, NF-L, SYN, and PSD95. In contrast, TI stimulation significantly improved BMS scores and increased NeuN-positive neuronal density, accompanied by enhanced expression of axonal growth-associated proteins (GAP43 and NF-L) and synaptic plasticity-associated markers (SYN and PSD95).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that TI stimulation improves functional recovery after SCI and is associated with enhanced neuroplasticity-related responses, including axonal growth-associated and synaptic plasticity-associated changes. This study provides evidence supporting TI stimulation as a promising neuromodulation strategy for promoting neuroplasticity-associated recovery processes after spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1950023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:21:03Z","timestamp":1791264063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transspinal temporal interference stimulation enhances neuroplasticity-associated responses and facilitates motor recovery after spinal cord injury in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6862","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001948","article-title":"Evolving trends in stem cell therapy: an emerging and promising approach against various diseases","volume":"110","author":"Abusalah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002654","article-title":"History and future of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"94","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0467-6","article-title":"Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury","volume":"561","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01196-1","article-title":"Natural and targeted circuit reorganization after spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9043","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169043","article-title":"Regeneration and plasticity induced by epidural stimulation in a rodent model of spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Angelin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207533","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Anjum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.339497","article-title":"Epidural oscillating field stimulation increases axonal regenerative capacity and myelination after spinal cord trauma","volume":"17","author":"Bacova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000184","article-title":"Activity-based therapy: from basic science to clinical application for recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"41","author":"Behrman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1999.16.639","article-title":"An imposed oscillating electrical field improves the recovery of function in neurologically complete paraplegic dogs","volume":"16","author":"Borgens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100171","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-med.2025.100171","article-title":"Efficacy of temporal interference electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innov. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.313017","article-title":"Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003400","article-title":"Animal models for surgeries and implants: a vital tool in medical research and development","volume":"87","author":"Choudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2026.152810","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in animal anatomy with special reference to diagnostic imaging","volume":"265","author":"Choudhary","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2024.152366","article-title":"Exploring the potential and limitations of artificial intelligence in animal anatomy","volume":"258","author":"Choudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2025.250","article-title":"Animal anatomical teaching models for enhanced veterinary anatomy education and learning","volume":"45","author":"Choudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.11.007","article-title":"Temporal interference stimulation targets deep brain regions by modulating neural oscillations","volume":"14","author":"Esmaeilpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain. Stimul."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70525","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70525","article-title":"Transcranial iTBS combined with trans-spinal iTBS targeting PDE1A\/cAMP\/PKA axis regulates neural regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"31","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20703-1","article-title":"Recruitment of upper-limb motoneurons with epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord","volume":"12","author":"Greiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.024","article-title":"Non-invasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields","volume":"169","author":"Grossman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700514","article-title":"Neural plasticity after human spinal cord injury: application of locomotor training to the rehabilitation of walking","volume":"7","author":"Harkema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02337-2","article-title":"Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration","volume":"18","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01477-6","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7033","article-title":"Electrical stimulation as a tool to promote plasticity of the injured spinal cord","volume":"37","author":"Jack","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784647","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.784647","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and external causes of traumatic spinal cord injury in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30134","article-title":"Non-invasive temporal interference stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease reduces beta activity","volume":"40","author":"Lamo\u0161","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01359-7","article-title":"Non-invasive modulation of deep brain nuclei by temporal interference stimulation","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102598","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study","volume":"103","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.017","article-title":"Activity- and use-dependent plasticity of the developing corticospinal system","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07603-1","article-title":"Spinal-cord injury","volume":"359","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001074","article-title":"Advancements and mechanisms of stem cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury in animals","volume":"110","author":"Mili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101805","article-title":"Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation neuromodulates pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in the control of spinal spasticity","volume":"5","author":"Minassian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0421-y","article-title":"Targeting lumbar spinal neural circuitry by epidural stimulation to restore motor function after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Minassian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701927","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.701927","article-title":"Clinical presentation and causes of non-traumatic spinal cord injury: an observational study in emergency patients","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller-Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00486","article-title":"Intrinsic axonal growth and the drive for regeneration","volume":"10","author":"O'Donovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0631-6","article-title":"Spinal cord injury scarring and inflammation: therapies targeting glial and inflammatory responses","volume":"15","author":"Orr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.01.03","article-title":"Activity-dependent plasticity of axo-axonic synapses at the axon initial segment","volume":"106","author":"Pan-Vazquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24341","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202524341","article-title":"Temporal interference stimulation enhances neural regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Peressotti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.11361","article-title":"Non-invasive approaches to functional recovery after spinal cord injury: therapeutic targets and multimodal device interventions","volume":"339","author":"Pizzolato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198811000-00007","article-title":"Short term efficacy of applied electric fields in the repair of the damaged rodent spinal cord: behavioral and morphological results","volume":"23","author":"Politis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.02.014","article-title":"Temporally interfering electric fields brain stimulation in primary motor cortex of mice promotes motor skill through enhancing neuroplasticity","volume":"17","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0314","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0314","article-title":"Epidural electrical stimulation for functional recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cyborg. Bionic. Syst."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01663-5","article-title":"Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis","volume":"28","author":"Rowald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115519","article-title":"Regeneration and remyelination promoting effects of spinal cord stimulation following spinal cord injury: a scoping review","volume":"396","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.021","article-title":"Absence of paresthesia during high-rate spinal cord stimulation reveals importance of synchrony for sensations evoked by electrical stimulation","volume":"112","author":"Sagalajev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114178","article-title":"Activity-dependent plasticity and spinal cord stimulation for motor recovery following spinal cord injury","volume":"357","author":"Samejima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372222","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1372222","article-title":"Modulations in neural pathways excitability post transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation among individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Tajali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14651","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14651","article-title":"Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) influences event-related alpha activity during mental rotation","volume":"61","author":"Thiele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48962-2","article-title":"Temporal interference stimulation disrupts spike timing in the primate brain","volume":"15","author":"Vieira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0649-2","article-title":"Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury","volume":"563","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01387-33","article-title":"Transcranial temporal interference stimulation precisely targets deep brain regions to regulate eye movements","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524485","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1524485","article-title":"20 Hz temporal interference stimulation can more effectively enhance motor evoked potentials in the primary motor cortex","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.327349","article-title":"Oscillating field stimulation promotes axon regeneration and locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6596","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146596","article-title":"Enhancing functional recovery after spinal cord injury through neuroplasticity: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/68574","article-title":"Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation for spinal cord rehabilitation","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749465","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.749465","article-title":"Restoring sensorimotor function through neuromodulation after spinal cord injury: progress and remaining challenges","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00562-y","article-title":"Regulation of axonal regeneration after mammalian spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1950023\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:21:05Z","timestamp":1791264065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1950023\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnins.2026.1950023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1950023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-453X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-453X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"article-number":"1950023"}}