{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:39:24Z","timestamp":1790833164846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T23:20:49Z","timestamp":1488237649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Modeling Human Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neuronal Differentiation and Its Applications in Neurotrauma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hisham","family":"Bahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Hadadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Chamaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Cheaito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batoul","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad-Kareem","family":"Makkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Abou-Kheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1503","article-title":"Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes","volume":"26","author":"Aasen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8277-6","article-title":"The Path from Skin to Brain: generation of functional neurons from fibroblasts","volume":"45","author":"Abdullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22157","article-title":"ALSoD: a user-friendly online bioinformatics tool for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics","volume":"33","author":"Abel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.01.009","article-title":"2010 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"6","author":"Alzheimer's Association","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.11.001","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization","volume":"36","author":"Barry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6705","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors increase axonal growth after spinal cord injury and transplantation in the adult rat","volume":"148","author":"Bregman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0270-y","article-title":"Modeling Parkinson's disease using induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Byers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0319","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells survive and integrate into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.042","article-title":"The first reported generation of several induced pluripotent stem cell lines from homozygous and heterozygous Huntington's disease patients demonstrates mutation related enhanced lysosomal activity","volume":"46","author":"Camnasio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1529","article-title":"Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling","volume":"27","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710791163939","article-title":"Riluzole, neuroprotection and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Cheah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2014-6-1-54-60","article-title":"Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells for SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis studies","volume":"6","author":"Chestkov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Naturae."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.12.048","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of axon guidance","volume":"292","author":"Chilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.09.015","article-title":"Wnt1-lmx1a forms a novel autoregulatory loop and controls midbrain dopaminergic differentiation synergistically with the SHH-FoxA2 pathway","volume":"5","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2010.06.017","article-title":"Differentiation of human ES and Parkinson's disease iPS cells into ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons requires a high activity form of SHH, FGF8a and specific regionalization by retinoic acid","volume":"45","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500327967","article-title":"Stem cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease","volume":"37","author":"Correia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507063102","article-title":"Human neural stem cells differentiate and promote locomotor recovery in spinal cord-injured mice","volume":"102","author":"Cummings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1453","article-title":"Parkinson's disease induced pluripotent stem cells with triplication of the \u03b1-synuclein locus","volume":"2","author":"Devine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1885","article-title":"Non-cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cell-based ALS model","volume":"10","author":"Di Giorgio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158799","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons","volume":"321","author":"Dimos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.015","article-title":"RNA toxicity from the ALS\/FTD C9ORF72 expansion is mitigated by antisense intervention","volume":"80","author":"Donnelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.009","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"209","author":"Donnelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040530","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell therapies for cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Doulames","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-3","article-title":"Stem cell derived basal forebrain cholinergic neurons from Alzheimer's disease patients are more susceptible to cell death","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6926","article-title":"Striatal transplantation in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"154","author":"Dunnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348960","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/348960","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"2011","author":"Egashira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/292154a0","article-title":"Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos","volume":"292","author":"Evans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.000141","article-title":"Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate multiple phases of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development in a dosage-dependent manner","volume":"134","author":"Ferri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1126\/science.298.5593.556","article-title":"New insights into neuron-glia communication","volume":"298","author":"Fields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"pt B","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.10.043","article-title":"Restoration of spatial memory dysfunction of human APP transgenic mice by transplantation of neuronal precursors derived from human iPS cells","volume":"557","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58767","article-title":"Identification of embryonic stem cell\u2013derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons for engraftment","volume":"122","author":"Ganat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S343","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21676","article-title":"Update on the genetics of Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Gasser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.001","article-title":"The R6 lines of transgenic mice: a model for screening new therapies for Huntington's disease","volume":"59","author":"Gil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.09.008","article-title":"Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood using OCT4 and SOX2","volume":"5","author":"Giorgetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2937","article-title":"Methods for making induced pluripotent stem cells: reprogramming a la carte","volume":"12","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.09.017","article-title":"Human ESC-Derived Dopamine Neurons Show Similar Preclinical Efficacy and Potency to Fetal Neurons when Grafted in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease","volume":"15","author":"Grealish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.12.001","article-title":"In vivo direct reprogramming of reactive glial cells into functional neurons after brain injury and in an Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049065","article-title":"The plasminogen activation system modulates differently adipogenesis and myogenesis of embryonic stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Hadadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.01.018","article-title":"Successful function of autologous iPSC-derived dopamine neurons following transplantation in a non-human primate model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Hallett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2015.02.001","article-title":"Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons improve motor asymmetry in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9279516","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9279516","article-title":"The use of stem cells to model amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: from basic research to regenerative medicine","volume":"2016","author":"Hedges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28420","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28420","article-title":"Precision modulation of neurodegenerative disease-related gene expression in human iPSC-derived neurons","volume":"6","author":"Heman-Ackah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-29","article-title":"Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Herberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04955","article-title":"Nuclear reprogramming and pluripotency","volume":"441","author":"Hochedlinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32512","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.588871","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of induced neural stem cells for spinal cord injury","volume":"289","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/35039559","article-title":"Regenerating the damaged central nervous system","volume":"407","author":"Horner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.169602","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neural stem cells or neurons for neurological disorders","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1172\/jci35798","article-title":"Insertional mutagenesis combined with acquired somatic mutations causes leukemogenesis following gene therapy of SCID-X1 patients","volume":"118","author":"Howe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0079","article-title":"Generation of naivetropic induced pluripotent stem cells from Parkinson's disease patients for high-efficiency genetic manipulation and disease modeling","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1418","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds","volume":"26","author":"Huangfu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04492.x","article-title":"Chondroitinase ABC combined with neural stem\/progenitor cell transplantation enhances graft cell migration and outgrowth of growth-associated protein-43-positive fibers after rat spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Ikegami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10821","article-title":"Probing sporadic and familial Alzheimer\/'s disease using induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"482","author":"Israel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0083b.x","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors, cellular bridges and gene therapy for spinal cord injury","volume":"533","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408484111","article-title":"Dopamine release from transplanted neural stem cells in Parkinsonian rat striatum in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.006","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Karch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2013.02.005","article-title":"Modeling Huntington's Disease with induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"56","author":"Kaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80071-9","article-title":"In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Keller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00028","article-title":"Signaling in migrating neurons: from molecules to networks","volume":"5","author":"Khodosevich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.056","article-title":"Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142905.hg2104s88","article-title":"Efficient CRISPR\/Cas9-Based genome engineering in human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"88","author":"Kime","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050325","article-title":"The foxa2 gene controls the birth and spontaneous degeneration of dopamine neurons in old age","volume":"5","author":"Kittappa","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.158","article-title":"Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Lancaster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.11.017","article-title":"Direct neural conversion from human fibroblasts using self-regulating and nonintegrating viral vectors","volume":"9","author":"Lau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.3.447","article-title":"The use of the R6 transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease in attempts to develop novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4055","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.036624","article-title":"Coordination of sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling determines ventral and dorsal telencephalic neuron types from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0118266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118266","article-title":"A comprehensive library of familial human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0305","article-title":"Rapid Induction of cerebral organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a chemically defined hydrogel and defined cell culture medium","volume":"5","author":"Lindborg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2273","article-title":"Maturation and electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes","volume":"34","author":"Livesey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0031","article-title":"Ethical issues in stem cell research","volume":"30","author":"Lo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regenerative medicine for the aging brain","volume":"1","author":"Lopez-Leon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enliven. J. Stem Cell Res. Regen. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.05.014","article-title":"Emerging roles of microRNAs in the control of embryonic stem cells and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"344","author":"Mallanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.022","article-title":"CRISPR Interference Efficiently Induces Specific and Reversible Gene Silencing in Human iPSCs","volume":"18","author":"Mandegar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81369-0","article-title":"Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice","volume":"87","author":"Mangiarini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7634","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.12.7634","article-title":"Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells","volume":"78","author":"Martin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1554","article-title":"Variation in the safety of induced pluripotent stem cell lines","volume":"27","author":"Miura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22547","article-title":"Small-molecule inhibitors of bone morphogenic protein and activin\/nodal signals promote highly efficient neural induction from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"89","author":"Morizane","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.11.010","article-title":"Modeling Alzheimer's disease with human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells","volume":"73","author":"Mungenast","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1876","article-title":"Astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutated SOD1 release factors selectively toxic to motor neurons","volume":"10","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2012.171","article-title":"Cell transplantation therapies for spinal cord injury focusing on induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Nakamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0092-5","article-title":"Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons","volume":"11","author":"Nekrasov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.04.005","article-title":"Functional maturation of hPSC-derived forebrain interneurons requires an extended timeline and mimics human neural development","volume":"12","author":"Nicholas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1709","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.72","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-\u03b2 induces synaptotoxicity in human iPS cell-derived neurons","volume":"6","author":"Nieweg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02787","article-title":"How is pluripotency determined and maintained?","volume":"134","author":"Niwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.01.006","article-title":"Long-term safety issues of iPSC-based cell therapy in a spinal cord injury model: oncogenic transformation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"4","author":"Nori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.111.256149","article-title":"Steps toward safe cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"112","author":"Okano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1104","article-title":"Human-induced pluripotent stem cells form functional neurons and improve recovery after grafting in stroke-damaged brain","volume":"30","author":"Oki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05934","article-title":"Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"448","author":"Okita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.040","article-title":"Generation of functional human pancreatic \u03b2 cells in vitro","volume":"159","author":"Pagliuca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.03.031","article-title":"Grafted murine induced pluripotent stem cells prevent death of injured rat motoneurons otherwise destined to die","volume":"269","author":"Pajer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17664","article-title":"Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"533","author":"Paquet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.041","article-title":"Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"134","author":"Park","year":"2008a","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06534","article-title":"Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors","volume":"451","author":"Park","year":"2008b","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.05.042","article-title":"Transplanted adult spinal cord\u2013derived neural stem\/progenitor cells promote early functional recovery after rat spinal cord injury","volume":"155","author":"Parr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2010_72","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell technology in regenerative medicine and biology","volume-title":"Bioreactor Systems for Tissue Engineering II","author":"Pei","year":"2010"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0948","article-title":"Inhibitory proteoglycan immunoreactivity is higher at the caudal than the rostral Schwann cell graft-transected spinal cord interface","volume":"17","author":"Plant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.007","article-title":"Directed conversion of Alzheimer's disease patient skin fibroblasts into functional neurons","volume":"146","author":"Qiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4214","article-title":"The promises and challenges of human brain organoids as models of neuropsychiatric disease","volume":"22","author":"Quadrato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/768391","article-title":"A comparative view on human somatic cell sources for iPSC generation","volume":"2014","author":"Raab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/35072576","article-title":"Olfactory ensheathing cells\u2014another miracle cure for spinal cord injury?","volume":"2","author":"Raisman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20049","article-title":"Peripheral olfactory ensheathing cells reduce scar and cavity formation and promote regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"473","author":"Ramer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1172\/jci45794","article-title":"Protein-based human iPS cells efficiently generate functional dopamine neurons and can treat a rat model of Parkinson disease","volume":"121","author":"Rhee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.03.001","article-title":"Detailed analysis of the genetic and epigenetic signatures of iPSC-derived mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons","volume":"2","author":"Roessler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684042","article-title":"Beneficial effect of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors in spinal cord injury repair","volume":"24","author":"Romanyuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37540","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37540","article-title":"Rapid and efficient CRISPR\/Cas9 gene inactivation in human neurons during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation and direct reprogramming","volume":"6","author":"Rubio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.009","article-title":"Isogenic human iPSC Parkinson's model shows nitrosative stress-induced dysfunction in MEF2-PGC1\u03b1 transcription","volume":"155","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4273","article-title":"Modeling ALS using motor neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Sances","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201200215","article-title":"Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Dan\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208r","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007529","article-title":"Targeting RNA foci in iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS patients with C9ORF72 repeat expansion","volume":"5","author":"Sareen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.043002.094940","article-title":"Cell-cell signaling during synapse formation in the CNS","volume":"26","author":"Scheiffele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-5011-4","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"255","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300398110","article-title":"Astrocyte pathology and the absence of non-cell autonomy in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of TDP-43 proteinopathy","volume":"110","author":"Serio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-12108","article-title":"Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. A rapidly evolving field","volume":"12","author":"Serretti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.02.013","article-title":"Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of viral reprogramming factors","volume":"136","author":"Soldner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0380","article-title":"Enhanced yield of neuroepithelial precursors and midbrain-like dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells using the bone morphogenic protein antagonist noggin","volume":"25","author":"Sonntag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.06.007","article-title":"Being human: the role of pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine and humanizing Alzheimer's disease models","volume":"43","author":"Sproul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2014_139","article-title":"Generation of iPS cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using episomal vectors","volume":"1357","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-011-9298-7","article-title":"DLK1 promotes neurogenesis of human and mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors via modulating Notch and BMP signalling","volume":"8","author":"Surmacz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.019","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors","volume":"131","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors","volume":"126","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-010-9297-z","article-title":"Comparison of defined culture systems for feeder cell free propagation of human embryonic stem cells","volume":"46","author":"Akopian","year":"2010","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts","volume":"282","author":"Thomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-160199","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells in Huntington's disease research: progress and opportunity","volume":"5","author":"Tousley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Huntingtons. Dis."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.10","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cells progressing to the clinic","volume":"17","author":"Trounson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2443.2009.01301.x","article-title":"Roles of Sall4 in the generation of pluripotent stem cells from blastocysts and fibroblasts","volume":"14","author":"Tsubooka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910106107","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of appropriately evaluated safe-induced pluripotent stem cells for spinal cord injury","volume":"107","author":"Tsuji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0017","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling human diseases","volume":"366","author":"Unternaehrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.250","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell\u2013specific microRNAs regulate the G1-S transition and promote rapid proliferation","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.07.023","article-title":"Cell reprogramming and neuronal differentiation applied to neurodegenerative diseases: focus on Parkinson's disease","volume":"589","author":"Wenker","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05944","article-title":"In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state","volume":"448","author":"Wernig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801677105","article-title":"Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's disease","volume":"105","author":"Wernig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4530","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr394","article-title":"Modeling familial Alzheimer's disease with induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Yagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025788","article-title":"Anti-A\u03b2 drug screening platform using human iPS cell-derived neurons for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Yahata","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21817","article-title":"Intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells combined with trehalose ingestion alleviates pathology in a mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0106-3","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells in Alzheimer's disease: applications for disease modeling and cell-replacement therapy","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.05.009","article-title":"Induction of pluripotency in human cord blood unrestricted somatic stem cells","volume":"38","author":"Zaehres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RRN1193","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.RRN1193","article-title":"Characterization of human Huntington's disease cell model from induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Curr."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.10.002","article-title":"Two supporting factors greatly improve the efficiency of human iPSC generation","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00050\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:52:19Z","timestamp":1568854339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00050\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"references-count":137,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]}}}