{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:21:31Z","timestamp":1790472091567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Mol. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysfunction in dopamine (DA) signaling contributes to neurological disorders ranging from drug addiction and schizophrenia to depression and Parkinson\u2019s Disease. How might impairment of one neurotransmitter come to effect these seemingly disparate diseases? One potential explanation is that unique populations of DA-releasing cells project to separate brain regions that contribute to different sets of behaviors. Though dopaminergic cells themselves are spatially restricted to the midbrain and constitute a relatively small proportion of all neurons, their projections influence many brain regions. DA is particularly critical for the activity and function of medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) ensembles. The midbrain and mPFC exhibit reciprocal connectivity \u2013 the former innervates the mPFC, and in turn, the mPFC projects back to the midbrain. Viral mapping studies have helped elucidate the connectivity within and between these regions, which likely have broad implications for DA-dependent behaviors. In this review, we discuss advancements in our understanding of the connectivity between the mPFC and midbrain DA system, focusing primarily on rodent models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.971349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T13:54:37Z","timestamp":1658498077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Defining the interconnectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral midbrain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"May","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09224.x","article-title":"Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial frontal cortex.","volume":"52","author":"Abercrombie","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.19-19-j0003.1999","article-title":"Dopaminergic correlates of sensory-specific satiety in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of the rat.","volume":"19","author":"Ahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0354-y","article-title":"A whole-brain atlas of monosynaptic input targeting four different cell types in the medial prefrontal cortex of the mouse.","volume":"22","author":"\u00c4hrlund-Richter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj046","article-title":"Reward encoding in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex.","volume":"16","author":"Amiez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1724-3","article-title":"Adrenergic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.","volume":"174","author":"Arnsten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-2","article-title":"Methylphenidate improves prefrontal cortical cognitive function through \u03b12 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor actions: relevance to therapeutic effects in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","volume":"1","author":"Arnsten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420170-5.00008-8","article-title":"Molecular influences on working memory circuits in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.","volume":"122","author":"Arnsten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(19991215)34:4<245::AID-SYN1>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortical output neurons to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and their responses to burst-patterned stimulation of the VTA: neuroanatomical and in vivo electrophysiological analyses.","volume":"34","author":"Au-Young","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.22-11-04709.2002","article-title":"Differential expression of motivational stimulus properties by dopamine in nucleus accumbens shell versus core and prefrontal cortex.","volume":"22","author":"Bassareo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189","article-title":"Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions.","volume":"123","author":"Bechara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.18.476718","article-title":"Modified viral-genetic mapping reveals local and global connectivity relationships of ventral tegmental area dopamine cells.","author":"Beier","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.040","article-title":"Topological organization of ventral tegmental area connectivity revealed by viral-genetic dissection of input-output relations.","volume":"26","author":"Beier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.015","article-title":"Circuit architecture of VTA dopamine neurons revealed by systematic input-output mapping.","volume":"162","author":"Beier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8196(05)80005-3","article-title":"Chapter I The organization and circuits of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and the distribution of dopamine receptors in the brain.","volume":"21","author":"Bentivoglio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handb. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90179-x","article-title":"Dopaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex: unexpected differences between rodents and primates.","volume":"14","author":"Berger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/23270","article-title":"Time-dependent reorganization of brain circuitry underlying long-term memory storage.","volume":"400","author":"Bontempi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.112679","article-title":"Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey.","volume":"205","author":"Brozoski","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199807)29:3<193::AID-SYN1>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Callosal terminals in the rat prefrontal cortex: synaptic targets and association with GABA-immunoreactive structures.","volume":"29","author":"Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03864.2000","article-title":"Projections from the rat prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area: target specificity in the synaptic associations with mesoaccumbens and mesocortical neurons.","volume":"20","author":"Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417715230","article-title":"Resting state connectivity between default mode network and insula encodes acute migraine headache.","volume":"38","author":"Coppola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh052","article-title":"Cortical cholinergic function and deficits in visual attentional performance in rats following 192 IgG-saporin-induced lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex.","volume":"14","author":"Dalley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4131","article-title":"Connectivity of mouse somatosensory and prefrontal cortex examined with trans-synaptic tracing.","volume":"84","author":"DeNardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799688","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.799688","article-title":"Uncovering the connectivity logic of the ventral tegmental area.","volume":"15","author":"Derdeyn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90038-8","article-title":"Regional and laminar density of the dopamine innervation in adult rat cerebral cortex.","volume":"21","author":"Descarries","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"163","article-title":"A model of the stress-induced activation of prefrontal cortical dopamine systems: coping and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Deutch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress: From Normal Adaptation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8315","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1221-17.2017","article-title":"Tonic or phasic stimulation of dopaminergic projections to prefrontal cortex causes mice to maintain or deviate from previously learned behavioral strategies.","volume":"37","author":"Ellwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002","article-title":"The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making.","volume":"76","author":"Euston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00331-X","article-title":"Increased dopamine and norepinephrine release in medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: effects of diazepam.","volume":"64","author":"Finlay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-3-10","article-title":"Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on executive function in healthy male volunteers.","volume":"3","author":"Gallagher","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.57","article-title":"Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression.","volume":"17","author":"Grace","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-03-01208.2000","article-title":"Enhanced and impaired attentional performance after infusion of D1 dopaminergic receptor agents into rat prefrontal cortex.","volume":"20","author":"Granon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.104","article-title":"Modes and models of forebrain cholinergic neuromodulation of cognition.","volume":"36","author":"Hasselmo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-007-0150-4","article-title":"Anatomical analysis of afferent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.","volume":"212","author":"Hoover","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III - The final common pathway.","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3770","article-title":"Simultaneous fast measurement of circuit dynamics at multiple sites across the mammalian brain.","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4015","article-title":"Spine pruning drives antipsychotic-sensitive locomotion via circuit control of striatal dopamine.","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.022","article-title":"Unique properties of mesoprefrontal neurons within a dual mesocorticolimbic dopamine system.","volume":"57","author":"Lammel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.03.025","article-title":"Report projection-specific modulation of dopamine neuron synapses by aversive and rewarding stimuli.","volume":"70","author":"Lammel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.03.019","article-title":"Reward and aversion in a heterogeneous midbrain dopamine system.","volume":"76","author":"Lammel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11527","article-title":"Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area.","volume":"491","author":"Lammel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.12.001","article-title":"Mistakes were made: neural mechanisms for the adaptive control of action initiation by the medial prefrontal cortex.","volume":"109","author":"Laubach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Paris"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00163","article-title":"Dopamine rebound-excitation theory: putting brakes on PTSD.","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.014","article-title":"Intact-brain analyses reveal distinct information carried by SNc dopamine subcircuits.","volume":"162","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802607238","article-title":"Dopamine vs noradrenaline: inverted-U effects and ADHD theories.","volume":"43","author":"Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Austral. New Zeal. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8196(97)80008-5","article-title":"Chapter VI Dopamine systems in the primate brain.","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Handb. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90003-7","article-title":"Distribution of dopaminergic receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: quantitative autoradiographic analysis using [3H]raclopride, [3H]spiperone and [3H]SCH23390","volume":"40","author":"Lidow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00109-2","article-title":"Increased dopamine synthesis rate in medial prefrontal cortex and striatum in schizophrenia indicated by L-(\u03b2-11C) DOPA and PET.","volume":"46","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90352-4","article-title":"Selective histochemical demonstration of dopamine terminal systems in rat di- and telecephalon: new evidence for dopaminergic innervation of hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei.","volume":"306","author":"Lindvall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90816-E","article-title":"Responses of monkey midbrain dopamine neurons during delayed alternation performance.","volume":"567","author":"Ljungberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91263-8","article-title":"Effect of noxious tail pinch on the discharge rate of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine neurons: selective activation of the mesocortical system.","volume":"476","author":"Mantz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01905.2002","article-title":"Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task.","volume":"22","author":"McGaughy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80673-X","article-title":"The prefrontal cortex: complex neural properties for complex behavior.","volume":"22","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00389.2002","article-title":"Dopamine uptake through the norepinephrine transporter in brain regions with low levels of the dopamine transporter: evidence from knock-out mouse lines.","volume":"22","author":"Mor\u00f3n","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5112-07.2008","article-title":"Cholinergic deafferentation of prefrontal cortex increases sensitivity to cross-modal distractors during a sustained attention task.","volume":"28","author":"Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/385634a0","article-title":"Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET.","volume":"385","author":"Okubo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabg4246","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg4246","article-title":"Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making.","volume":"7","author":"Oyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0127","article-title":"Comparison of prefrontal architecture and connections.","volume":"351","author":"Pandya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.107.6.1031","article-title":"Nucleus basalis magnocellularis and attention: effects of muscimol infusions.","volume":"107","author":"Pang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3339","article-title":"Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"13","author":"Pitman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.11.006","article-title":"Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: focus on the prefrontal cortex.","volume":"113","author":"Ramos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.09.016","article-title":"Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning.","volume":"56","author":"Ridderinkhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(89)80143-3","article-title":"Comparative effects of ibotenic acid- and quisqualic acid-induced lesions of the substantia innominata on attentional function in the rat: further implications for the role of the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis in cognitive processes.","volume":"35","author":"Robbins","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400102","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion impairs memory consolidation but improves focussed attention in healthy young volunteers.","volume":"14","author":"Schmitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-03-00900.1993","article-title":"Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task.","volume":"13","author":"Schultz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14600","article-title":"Viral-genetic tracing of the input-output organization of a central noradrenaline circuit.","volume":"524","author":"Schwarz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02697.1998","article-title":"Dopamine axon varicosities in the prelimbic division of the rat prefrontal cortex exhibit sparse immunoreactivity for the dopamine transporter.","volume":"18","author":"Sesack","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903200202","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical efferents in the rat synapse on unlabeled neuronal targets of catecholamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens septi and on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area.","volume":"320","author":"Sesack","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16880","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3807-12.2012","article-title":"Dynamic fluctuations in dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens during risk-based decision making.","volume":"32","author":"St. Onge","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19325","article-title":"Locus coeruleus and dopaminergic consolidation of everyday memory.","volume":"537","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4111.499","article-title":"Dopaminergic terminals in the rat cortex.","volume":"182","author":"Thierry","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/263242a0","article-title":"Selective activation of the mesocortical DA system by stress.","volume":"263","author":"Thierry","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1825731","article-title":"D1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex: involvement in working memory.","volume":"251","author":"Toshiyuki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05472.2003","article-title":"Blockade of NMDA receptors in prelimbic cortex induces an enduring amnesia for odor-reward associative learning.","volume":"23","author":"Tronel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0682-1","article-title":"Dopamine enhances signal-to-noise ratio in cortical-brainstem encoding of aversive stimuli.","volume":"563","author":"vander Weele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi066","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical norepinephrine release is critical for morphine-induced reward, reinstatement and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.","volume":"15","author":"Ventura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01879.2003","article-title":"Norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex is critical for amphetamine-induced reward and mesoaccumbens dopamine release.","volume":"23","author":"Ventura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610178104","article-title":"Prefrontal\/accumbal catecholamine system determines motivational salience attribution to both reward- and aversion-related stimuli.","volume":"104","author":"Ventura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1846","article-title":"Inverted-U dopamine D1 receptor actions on prefrontal neurons engaged in working memory.","volume":"10","author":"Vijayraghavan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-01-00167.1994","article-title":"Basal forebrain lesions in monkeys disrupt attention but not learning and memory.","volume":"14","author":"Voytko","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3967-15.2016","article-title":"Brain-wide maps of synaptic input to cortical interneurons.","volume":"36","author":"Wall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/376572a0","article-title":"Modulation of memory fields by dopamine Dl receptors in prefrontal cortex.","volume":"376","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/3.3.199","article-title":"Characterization of the dopaminergic innervation of the primate frontal cortex using a dopamine-specific antibody.","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0614-x","article-title":"The role of 5-HT1a and 5-HT2a receptors in attention and motor control: a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers.","volume":"190","author":"Wingen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.971349\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T13:54:48Z","timestamp":1658498088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.971349\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnmol.2022.971349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.971349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"article-number":"971349"}}