{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:01:02Z","timestamp":1772517662698,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Syst. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apathy is a prevalent and debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). While numerous functional and structural brain studies have investigated the neural correlates of PD with apathy (PD-A), their findings have often been inconsistent. Network neuroscience suggests that such a syndrome may be best understood as disruptions of distributed brain networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review to identify whole-brain studies reporting functional or structural alterations in patients with PD-A compared to those without apathy (PD-NA), or studies correlating apathy severity. Significant peak coordinates (195 foci from 24 studies) were integrated using functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM), leveraging resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 1,093 healthy Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants. We quantified spatial overlap between the PD-A-associated network and canonical brain networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FCNM analysis revealed that the spatially diverse brain regions previously reported in the PD-A literature converged onto a common functional connectivity network. This network predominantly involved the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and bilateral thalamus. The PD-A associated network showed the highest spatial overlap with the ventral attention network (VAN; 34.05%), subcortical network (28.47%), and frontoparietal network (FPN; 24.89%). Robustness analyses confirmed these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain functional and structural correlates of apathy in PD converge on distributed networks involving the VAN, FPN, and subcortical circuits. Our network localization approach offers a unifying neurobiological framework for apathy in PD, potentially reconciling previous inconsistencies and informing the development of network-targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2026.1724421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1772515424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network localization of functional and structural correlates of apathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hu-Cheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Binhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Yu","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Hua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Ying","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Binhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping-Lei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11070679","article-title":"Identifying a common functional framework for apathy large-scale brain network","volume":"11","author":"Alfano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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