{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1789625031763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF-2023-G-583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-G-583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Syst. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective fear recognition is crucial for clinical evaluation and understanding emotional processing. This study uses a multi-modal biophysical approach (EEG, HRV, EDA) within an interactive, semi-immersive environment to investigate coordinated brain-body responses across multidimensional fear scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten participants experienced four fear-related scenes mapped to Kantian cognitive dimensions (Embodied, Conceptual, Discursive, Integrative) featuring real-time adaptive audiovisuals. EEG, HRV, and EDA metrics were concurrently recorded and normalized to a resting baseline to evaluate shared signatures, scene-specific modulations, and cross-modal correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neural and autonomic fear markers included frontal and parietal activation, elevated EEG-derived indices (Fatigue, Excitement, Engagement), and increased heart rate and skin conductance. Contextual modulation of fear was characterized by bottom-up and top-down processing during Embodied and Conceptual fear, respectively. Multi-modal clustering showed modality-specific organization overall, with a weak but significant global EEG-autonomic association (Mantel test), and one validated cross-modal link between HRV (LF\/HF) and EDA (SCR\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fear manifested through both shared neurophysiological signatures and context-dependent cognitive-embodied variations. Combining immersive technology with multi-modal biophysical sensing presents an exploratory, ecologically-valid framework for emotion research that can inform future closed-loop, adaptive paradigms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2026.1908489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:33:21Z","timestamp":1789623201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are you afraid? Neurophysiological responses to multidimensional fear in an interactive semi-immersive environment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Milton O.","family":"Candela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Emiliano","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Gurubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandro A.","family":"Ortiz-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]},{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Humanities and Education","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josemaria","family":"Elizondo-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Humanities and Education","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol S.","family":"V\u00e9lez-Saboy\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Humanities and Education","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge De-J.","family":"Lozoya-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Rodriguez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Facultad de Lenguas y Letras","place":["Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cebral-Loureda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Humanities and Education","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.051","article-title":"Medial prefrontal pathways for the contextual regulation of extinguished fear in humans","volume":"122","author":"\u00c5hs","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(79)90045-9","article-title":"Differential lateralization for positive versus negative emotion","volume":"17","author":"Ahern","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3521649","article-title":"Measurement of mental workload using heart rate variability and electrodermal activity","author":"Aisy Al","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01621.x","article-title":"Panic attacks as ictal manifestations of parietal lobe seizures","volume":"36","author":"Alemayehu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21014\/actaimeko.v12i2.1457","article-title":"Electroencephalography correlates of fear of heights in a virtual reality environment","volume":"12","author":"Apicella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta IMEKO"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14051","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14051","article-title":"Suppressionof alpha-band power underlies exogenous attention to emotional distractors","volume":"59","author":"Arana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112926","article-title":"Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety according to the demanding level of the match in female soccer athletes","volume":"222","author":"Ayuso-Moreno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. 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