{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:30:17Z","timestamp":1780515017750,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nucl. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a new method that drastically speeds up radiobiological Monte Carlo radiation-track-structure (MC-RTS) calculations on a cell-by-cell basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The technique is based on random sampling and superposition of single-particle track (SPT) standard DNA damage (SDD) files from a \u201cpre-calculated\u201d data library, constructed using the RTS code TOPAS-nBio, with \u201ctime stamps\u201d manually added to incorporate dose-rate effects. This time-stamped SDD file can then be input into MEDRAS, a mechanistic kinetic model that calculates various radiation-induced biological endpoints, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), misrepairs and chromosomal aberrations, and cell death. As a benchmark validation of the approach, we calculated the predicted energy-dependent DSB yield and the ratio of direct-to-total DNA damage, both of which agreed with published <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experimental data. We subsequently applied the method to perform a superfast cell-by-cell simulation of an experimental <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> system consisting of neuroendocrine tumor cells uniformly incubated with <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>Lu.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results for residual DSBs, both at 24 and 48 h post-irradiation, are in line with the published literature values. Our work serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the feasibility of a cost-effective \u201c<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> clonogenic cell survival assay\u201d for the computational design and development of radiopharmaceuticals and novel radiotherapy treatments more generally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnume.2023.1284558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T08:30:02Z","timestamp":1701851402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A fast Monte Carlo cell-by-cell simulation for radiobiological effects in targeted radionuclide therapy using pre-calculated single-particle track standard DNA damage 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